경제적 결핍 경험의 잠재계층과 부모가 보고한 아동 건강의 관계
The association between the latent classes of household economic deprivation experience and parent-reported measures of child health
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 아동 가구가 경험하는 경제적 결핍의 경험에 대한 잠재계층을 파악하여 그 특성과 구조에 따라 유형화하고, 그 경제적 결핍경험의 유형들과 아동의 건강의 관계를 살펴보는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 서울교육건강복지패널 1차년도 자료 가운데 부모응답 자료를 활용하였다 (n=820). 가구의 경제적 결핍경험의 유형화는 최저생계비 기준을 이용한 빈곤 여부, 정부지원, 식품불안정성 경험, 아동의 의료 미충족 경험, 경제적 어려움(공과금, 교육비 미납 등) 5개의 지표를 이용하여 이루어졌으며, 분석은 잠재계층분석(Latent Class Analysis) 방법을 활용하였다. 먼저 계층의 수는 모형 적합도 지수, 그리고 분류된 계층의 신뢰성과 해석의 용이성 등을 고려하여 최종적으로 3개의 잠재계층을 선정하였다. 분류된 3개의 잠재계층은 ‘소득 비빈곤-물질적 결핍’, ‘소득 빈곤-물질적 결핍’, 그리고 ‘비빈곤 집단’으로 유형화되었으며, 그 빈도는 ‘소득 비빈곤-물질적 결핍’ 16.2%, ‘소득 빈곤-물질적 결핍’ 14.3%, 그리고 ‘비빈곤 집단’ 69.5%인 것으로 확인되었다. 다음으로 경제적 어려움의 경험 유형과 아동 건강의 관계를 살펴보기 위해 이항·다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, ‘소득 비빈곤-물질적 결핍’과 ‘소득 빈곤-물질적 결핍’ 가구에 속한 아동은 비빈곤 가구의 아동에 비해 부모가 보고한 주관적 신체 및 정신건강이 더 나쁜 것으로 나타났으며, 만성질환으로 인해 생활에 지장을 받을 확률이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 저체중 및 과체중·비만에서는 경제적 어려움의 경험 유형에 따른 집단 간 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 소득 중심의 빈곤 가구 사정의 한계와 아동 건강불평등 문제의 해결을 위한 정책적 함의, 그리고 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The aims of this exploratory study are to identify the underlying typology of economic deprivation of households with elementary and middle school children, and to examine whether significant differences in parent-reported measures of child health are observed between these discrete groups. Data from the first wave(2014) of the “Seoul education and health welfare panel(SEWHP)”, which consists of survey data from 4th grade elementary and 1st grade middle school students and their parents living in Seoul were utilized. Latent class analysis(LCA) is used to estimate the latent classes of economic hardship. Multinomial and binomial logistic regression are employed to examine the association between the latent classes and children’s health outcomes. Analytic results show three latent classes of economic hardship including ‘no income poverty-material hardship’ group, ‘income poverty- material hardship’group, and no economic hardship group. The relative proportions of the identified groups are ‘no income poverty-material hardship’ group(16.2%), ‘income poverty-and material hardship’group(14.3%), and no economic hardship group(69.5%). Analytic results show that the latent classes of economic hardship are associated with children’s subjective physical and mental health, and limitations in activities due to chronic illness. No difference between latent classes were found for underweight and obesity. Implications of study findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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