노인체력검사의 유형과 특성
Type and Characteristics of Physical Fitness Test Battery in Late Life: Systematic Review
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참고문헌
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초록
이 연구는 그동안 노인체력검사에 바탕이 되어온 노인체력 또는 신체기능에 대한 개념적 구조와 정형화되어 적용되고 있는 체력검사를 개관하고, 국내외적으로 적용되고 있는 노인체력검사의 유형과 도구적 실용적 특징들을 개관하는데 목적이 있다. 적용사례 분석을 위한 문헌 연구는 web-DB를 대상으로 분석 틀을 근거로 한 단계적 검색 및 검토 과정을 수행하였다. 체계적 문헌분석 결과에 의하면 Halter 와 Reuben(2001)의 연구 모형은 노인 체력검사의 개발 및 적용에 지침이 될 수 있는 이론적 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 더불어 Varela 등(2008)은 그동안 적용되어온 정형화된 노인체력 검사의 유형과 특징을 건강관련체력검사(health-related test)와 포괄적 체력검사(comprehensive test)로 양분하고, 포괄적 체력검사 범주에는 건강관련체력검사 항목과 함께 일상생활활동능력(activities of daily living: ADL)을 포괄하는 검사들을 포함시켜 노인체력검사 구조 모형을 제시하였다. 노인체력검사를 적용한 연구사례를 분석한 결과 국내의 생태적 환경을 배경으로 노인체력의 이론적 탐색이 필요할 뿐 아니라, 도구개발과 평가를 위한 여러 차원의 기초적 응용적 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것으로 보인다. 적용되고 있는 검사들은 전반적으로 검사의 타당도 신뢰도에 대한 특성이 충분히 확인되지 않고 있는 만큼 계속적인 일반화 타당화를 위한 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다. 검사영역과 검사 항목 선정은 검사개발의 정당화에 근거가 되는 준거 예를 들면 건강장수, 낙상 및 장애 위험, 거동 능력, 일반적인 신체기능 등에 타당한 관련 자료들을 바탕으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이를 위해서는 다양한 임상적 연구를 포함한 종단적, 역학적(epidemiological) 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
The purposes of the present study were to identify theoretical structures of physical function or fitness in late life and types or characteristics of seniors' fitness test batteries used in the previous studies which were conducted in Korea as well as other countries through a systematic review. Two stages of process were adapted for this systematic review: collecting relevant articles from web-DBs and reviewing those studies with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based the results, the framework proposed by Halter and Reuben (2001) would be a useful guideline for developing seniors' physical fitness test as a theoretical model. Also, it would be helpful information to improve our understanding of the structure of seniors' fitness batteries that Varela et al. (2008) categorized fitness test batteries adapted in previous studies into two categories, health-related and comprehensive test. In the Korean studies the results indicated that it is necessary to understand seniors' physical function or fitness in Korean-specific circumstances and to conduct multidimensional research for developing methods and evaluating Korean elderly's physical function or fitness for future studies. Also, since most studies collected for this study did not present information about validity and reliability of the tool, future studies should consider generalization and validation of tool to improve quality of the research. Moreover, factors and items of a test should be specifically and precisely selected based on the research issue such as health or longevity related, falls, the risk of disability, mobility, or physical status to provide validate information for future studies. For these reasons, more longitudinal and epidemiological studies including clinical research, therefore, should be conducted to understand and evaluating physical function or fitness in late life.
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