노인의 기능체력수준을 평가하기 위한 장수체력나이의 개발
Development of longevity fitness age for successful aging in elderly
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[목적] 본 연구는 65세 이상 노인의 기능체력수준을 평가하기 위한 장수체력나이(연령 척도)를 개발하고자 하였다. [방법] 총 458명 (남성: 166명, 여성 292명)이 참여하였으며 설문 조사를 통하여 6대 질환(뇌혈관질환, 고혈압, 당뇨병, 심장질환, 호흡기질환, 비만)으로 판정되지 않은 경우는 건강집단으로 이중 한 가지라도 해당이 되는 경우는 만성질환집단으로 분류하였다. 연령 척도는 건강집단을 대상으로 개발되었으며 이를 만성질환집단에 적용하여 그 타당도를 검토하였다. 기능체력평가를 위하여 총 13가지 항목(악력, 연속상완굴신력, 눈뜨고 외발서기, 기거능력, 팔 앞으로 뻗기, 의자에 앉았다 일어나기, 일어나 걸어가기, 8자 보행, 5 m 보통 보행 및 최대보행, 일자로 걷기, 콩 옮기기, 봉 옮기기)을 시행하였다. [결과] 연령 척도개발을 위해 주성분 분석을 시행하였으며 악력과 콩 옮기기를 제외한 모든 항목이 연령과 상관관계가 있었다. 건강집단과 만성질환집단 간 악력과 하지 기능 관련 변인의 차이가 나타났으며 장수체력나이 추정을 위해 총 4개의 변인이 선택되었다. 추정식은 다음과 같다. 장수체력나이=0.942*X1+2, 185*X2+0.673*X3+0.051*X4+0.588*실제나이+58.401 (X1=기거능력, sec (s), X2=5m 최대보행 (s), X3=s의자에 앉았다 일어나기, (s), X4=눈뜨고 외발서기 (s).) 건강집단의 경우 장수체력나이와 실제나이 간 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 만성질환집단은 차이가 나타났다. 만성질환집단 중 좌식 생활 집단은 운동 집단에 비해 그 차이가 더 크게 나타났다. [결론] 따라서 장수체력나이는 건강관리가 요구되는 노인을 조기에 선별하기에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
[Purpose] Evaluating the aging of senior and providing optimal sevices are important things for successful aging. This study identified functional fitness related with heath of aged 65 years or older and developed an age scale (longevity fitness age) for assessing their aging. [Methods] Participants were 458 older people (166 male, 292 female). They were divided into healthy group and disease group. Healthy group was used for the development of the longevity age equation and disease group was for investigating the validity of the equation. Participants completed 13 function fitness variables. The first principal component obtained from a principal component analysis was used to compute the equation. All variables except for grip strength and carrying beans were correlated with chronological aged. Grip strength and variables related lower functional fitness had differences between healthy group and disease group. Finally, 4 variables were selected for the equation. [Results] It was the following: longevity fitness age=0.942*X1+2, 185*X2+0.673*X3+0.051*X4+0.588*chronological age+58.401, where X1=standing up from a supine position, sec (s), X2=maximum walking (s), X3=standing up and sitting down a chair (s), X4=one leg balance with eyes open (s). The longevity fitness age of healthy group do not have a difference compared to their chronological age but disease group had a difference significantly. Age difference (chronological age-longevity fitness age) of sedentary group in disease group was significantly bigger than its active group. Longevity fitness age could assess an aging of senior. [Conclusion] We suggest that it can use as the tool for early detecting senior who need the health care service.
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