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국민체력 100 체력인증사업 참여 노인의 신체활동에 미치는 사회환경적, 사회심리적 변인

Social Ecological and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Physical Activity in the National Fitness Award’s Older Participants

박세정|이효|성순창
한국체육측정평가학회 (Korean Society For Measurement And Evaluation In Physical Education And Sports Science)|2015.04|한국체육측정평가학회지 (The Korean Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports Science)|제17권 제1호|pp. 83-98|DOI 10.21797/ksme.2015.17.1.008

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참고문헌

키워드

자기효능감사회적지지self-efficacysocial support신체활동방해요인socioeconomic status사회경제적 지위barrierssocial cognitive theory사회인지이론결과기대outcome expectationExercisde

초록

본 연구의 목적은 국민체력 100 체력인증사업 참여 노인의 평소 신체활동 참여여부 및 신체활동량에 미치는 사회환경적, 사회심리적 요인의 구조적 관계를 알아보는 것이었다. 이를 65세 이상 노인 211명을 대상으로 가구소득, 교육수준, 신체활동 참여에 대한 사회적지지(가족 및 동료), 방해요인 인식, 결과기대 인식, 자기효능감, 신체활동 참여 여부 및 신체활동량을 측정하였다. 변인간의 구조적 관계에 대한 경로분석 결과, 소득 수준이 높은 노인은 신체활동 참여에 대한 가족으로부터의 지지를 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다(B=3.71, p<.01). 한편, 동료로부터의 지지는 교육및 소득수준의 유의한 영향을 받지는 않았지만 방해요인 인식(B=-.26, p<.001), 결과기대 인식(B=.27, p<.001) 자기효능감(B=.27, p<.001)을 모두 유의하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 실제 신체활동 참여여부에 유의한 영향을미치는 변인은 가족으로부터의 사회적 지지였다(OR=1.13, p<.05). 한편, 신체활동을 조금이라도 한다고 답한 노인(N=145)을 대상으로 한 분석에서 신체활동량에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변인은 자기효능감이었다(B=.27, p<.01). 교육수준은 신체활동의 결과기대감(B=2.85, p<.05), 동료로부터의 사회적 지지는 신체활동 방해요인인식(B=-.21, p<.05), 결과기대감(B=.30, p<.01)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 신체활동을 조금이라도 하도록 하는 데에는 가족의 사회적 지지가 가장 중요한 요인이지만, 신체활동량을 권장지침 준수 수준으로 끌어올리려면 자기효능감을 증진하도록 해야 한다는 점을 시사한다. 또한 신체활동여부 및 신체활동량에 유의한 영향을 주지는 않았지만신체활동 참여 의사결정의 핵심 동기요인인 방해요인인식, 결과기대, 자기효능감은 친구 및 동료의 사회적 지지를 통해 개선될 여지가 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 앞으로 신체활동 증진사업은 사회경제적 취약 노인의 사회적 지지망을 복원하고 개선하는 데 힘써야 할 것임을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to understand structural relationships among physical activity participation, social ecological, and social cognitive variables in older adults who participated in National Fitness Award. The participants of this study were 211 elders. Household income, education level, social support for physical activity from family and friends, perceived barriers, outcome expectation, and self-efficacy for physical activity, and physical activity were measured. The results of the path analyses revealed that older adults with higher income perceived more social support from their family (B=3.71, p<.01). Even though social support from friends was not significantly influenced by education and income level, it was significantly associated with perceived barriers (B=-.26, p<.001), outcome expectation (B=.27, p<.001), and self-efficacy (B=.37, p<.001) for physical activity. Nevertheless, the only variable significantly associated with physical activity participation (dichotomous variable) was social support from family (OR=1.13, p<.05). Meanwhile, only self-efficacy was significantly associated with level of physical activity (B=.27, p<.01) in the analysis specific to older adults who participated at least one 10 consecutive minutes of moderate physical activity per week. Education was positively associated with outcome expectation (B=2.85, p<.05) in the same analysis. Lastly, social support from friends was associated with perceived barrier (B=-.21, p<.05) and outcome expectation (B=.30, p<.01). The results of this study suggest that social support is important for helping older adults initiate physical activity, but then self-efficacy is more important to increase their physical activity toward recommended level.

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