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건강관련체력의 태동과 변천

The beginning and future of health-related physical fitness

신승윤
한국체육측정평가학회 (Korean Society For Measurement And Evaluation In Physical Education And Sports Science)|2020.03|한국체육측정평가학회지 (The Korean Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports Science)|제22권 제1호|pp. 25-43|DOI 10.21797/ksme.2020.22.1.003

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참고문헌

키워드

뇌기능body composition신체조성brain function심혈관계 기능cardiorespiratory function근골격계 기능musculoskeletal function

초록

1970년대 체육학의 학문적 성과에 기초하여 건강과의 관련 속에서 체력을 해석하고자 건강관련체력의 개념은 개 발되었다. 그러나 국내에서는 건강관련체력의 개념적 혼란으로 인하여 체력검사와 연구에서 혼선이 있음이 사실이다. 이에 본 연구는 문헌고찰을 통하여 건강관련체력 개념의 개발 취지, 구성요인, 변천과정들을 확인하고, 향후 변화가 능성을 전망하였다. 건강관련체력은 건강지표와의 관계가 실증적으로 확인된 체력요인만을 선택적으로 구별하여 측정 하고 건강지표의 측면에서 해석하였다. 초기의 건강관련체력의 기준은 1) 생리적 기능의 장애적 수준에서부터 최고수 준까지의 전 영역을 측정하되, 2) 그 생리적 기능은 신체활동에 의하여 개선 가능하여야 한다는 것이었다. 이를 요약 하면 건강상태를 정확하게 반영하되 신체활동에 의해 변화 가능한 신체적 능력이라고 하겠다. 위의 기준에 적절한 체력요인으로 심혈관계 기능, 근골격계 기능(근력, 근지구력, 근파워, 유연성), 신체조성 등이 포함되었었다. 체력요인 별 검사항목은 개발 기관에 따라 다소간의 차이가 있는데 이러한 차이는 체력요인과 건강과의 관련성에 대한 엄격성 의 정도, 체육교육적 기능의 반영정도, 대상자의 특성 등에 기인하고 있다. 현재 일반적으로 권장되는 요인별 검사항 목은 심혈관계 기능검사로서 왕복오래달리기, 신체조성검사로서 BMI와 피부두겹법, 그리고 근골격계 기능검사로서 악력과 제자리멀리뛰기 등이다. 특이점으로는 초기에 유연성이 건강관련체력요인으로 포함되었으나 현재까지의 연구 결과로는 그 타당성이 확인되지 않아 일반적으로 건강관련체력요인으로 권장되지 않고 있다. 최근 뇌기능과 신체활 동과의 관계에 대한 연구가 활발해지고 그 관련성에 대한 근거가 확인됨에 따라, 향후 뇌기능에 특정되는 체력요인 의 해석가능성이 기대된다. 그리고 건강에 대한 근골격계 기능의 근거가 긍정적으로 확인됨에 따라 건강지표와 근골 격계 검사항목의 특정을 위한 연구가 요구된다.

Abstract

In the 1970s, the idea of health-related physical fitness was developed to interpret physical fitness in relation to health based on researches in Exercise Sciences. But misunderstanding of the concept of health-related physical fitness in Korea led to confusions in physical fitness tests and researches. This research, therefore, aims to confirm the concept of health-related physical fitness as well as its components, and explore its outlook. Health-related physical fitness selectively measures components that have been proven to be related to health markers and is interpreted in terms of the health markers. The early criteria were 1) the physiological function should be measured in all areas extending from severely limited dysfunction to high levels of functional capacity, and 2) it should be improved with appropriate physical activity. In short, it accurately reflects the health status and is improvable through physical activity. Based on the criteria, cardiorespiratory function, musculoskeletal function (muscle strength, muscle endurance, muscle power, and flexibility), and body composition were selected as suitable health-related physical fitness components. The test items by component differs among institutions. This difference is due to the severity of relationship between component and health, degree of reflection of Sport Pedagogy view, and an age of subjects. PACER for cardiorespiratory function, BMI and Skinfold for body composition, and Grip strength and Standing long jump were recommended as a proper test items. Initially, flexibility was included in the components, but its validity has not been proven and therefore is not recommended as a health-related physical fitness component. As vigorous researches on the relationship between brain function and physical activity are proving their relevance, the interpretation of components based on brain function health marker can be expected.

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