李滉의 程顥 철학 해석과 명대 유학 비판 - 「定性書」의 주요 개념을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to consider Yi Hwang’s argument about the Cheng Hao’s philosophy, especially focus on the Letter on Stabilizing the nature, from the viewpoint on authentic ChengZhuxue(程朱學). Confucianists of Ming dynasty, such as Wang Shou-ren(王守仁) and Luo Qin-Shun(羅欽順) have made Cheng Hao’ philosophy as basis of their academic resources and made use of it as a main argument in their criticism of Zhuzixue(朱子學). Yi Hwang, targeting the Ming Dynasty Confucianists, re-interpret Cheng Hao’s philosophy based on the authentic ChengZhuxue, thereby he criticize them directly or indirectly. Yi hwang’s interpretation and criticism have great significance that it provides a new framework for today's interpretation of the Cheng Hao‘s philosophy which is unlikely to the mainstream interpretations the 'Xinxue(心學)’ has been oriented. According to ‘Stabilizing the nature(定性)’ from Cheng Hao, Wang Shou-ren consider 'stability[定]' as a inherent calm state of Mind[心] which beyond the movement and stillness[動靜] of consciousness. and he thought that by achieving this state of Mind, one can practice and realize the 'Li(理)'. It is because he identified the 'Li' as an internal state of Consciousness. But in Yi Hwang‘s viewpoint, the ‘Stabilizing the nature’, as a substantial state of Mind can be reached by following Li which penetrate both the state when the mind move toward the object or not[動靜]. Yi Hwang thought that the cultivation to follow the universal 'Li', which exist inward and outward, can bring the stability in human consciousness. Yi Hwang think of the state of the ‘Stabilizing the nature’ as a “Nei-Wai-Liang-Wang(內外兩忘)”, which means ‘the unity of the subject and object[內外合一]’, and that it should be interpreted by ‘ruling internal consciousness then response external things or events’. ‘Nei-Wai(內外)’ indicates the relationship of subject and object, the confucianism of Ming dynasty considered it as the original state of the Mind without distinction between subject and object in consciousness. However, Yi Hwang interpreted it also as a state of Mind that penetrate 'Li' which is passing through the internal and external. It is the Mind that realize 'Li' in relation with outer things or events by establishing 'Li' as a inner ruler(主宰). In this point of view, Yi Hwang is opposing the tendency of the confucianism of Ming dynasty which is tends to be beyond the distinguishing between subjects and objects and rather prioritize establishing moral subject in accordance with ‘Li’