정호의 철학과 明代 유학의 탈주자학적 경향

Abstract

In the discussion of the philosophical development of Neo-Confucianism, one of the main issue until the present is whether Cheng brothers(二程) , Cheng Hao(程顥) and Cheng Yi(程頤) have the same scholarship or not. This dissertation attempts to examine the philosophical context of the Neo-Confucianism that emphasizes the academic differences between Cheng brothers’ thought. Especially I focused on the fact as follow: From the Confucianism of Ming-Dynasty, the viewpoint of the anti-trend of the Chu-tzu’s doctrine has emerged. It distincts the thoughts between Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and regards Cheng Hao’s philosophy as the authentical heir of the Confucianism that fully succeed from Confucius and Mencius. A mood of respect for Cheng Hao in the Ming Confucianism are sensed in the texts of Chen xian-zhang(陳獻章). His disciple Chan Jo-shui(湛若水) had positively raised the academic distinction of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, saying that only Cheng Hao had been succeed from the philosophy of Zhou Dun-yi(周敦頤), while Cheng Yi does not acknowledge it. For this reason, he claims that Cheng Hao and Zhou Dun-yi carried on the Dao of the Confucianism. This point of view also can be found in the thoughts of Wang Shou-ren(王守仁). On the other hand, Luo Qin-shun(羅欽順), a contemporary of these scholars, deals with the differences between Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi from a theoretical dimension. He analyzed the relation of Dao(道) and Qi(器), which is associated with the metaphysical and physical classification. He argued that his theory of ‘Oneness of Li-Qi(理氣一物)’ is based on the theory of Cheng Hao. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Liu Zong-zhou(劉宗周) and Huang Zong-xi(黃宗羲) put these various ideas together and views a philosophy of Cheng Hao as Qi(氣) centered monistic system. They emphasized the ideological connection between Zhang Zai(張載) and Cheng Hao in order to support their philosophical view. In this way, the anti-trend of the Chu-tzu’s doctrine in the Ming Confucianism reestablishes the tradition of thought which is replaced the academic genealogy where the existing the Chu-tzu’s doctrine is based. The perspective of modern research on the genealogy of Confucianism in Song-Ming period is based on the scholarship in Ming Dynasty that emphasizes the academic distinction of Cheng brothers. As of the likeness in the philosophy of Cheng Hao(程顥) and Cheng Yi(程頤), it is a matter of interpretation about whether Cheng Hao’ philosophy can be relevantly understood as the doctrine of the Chu-tzu rather than an ideological differences in original text.