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한국어판 죽음태도 척도 개정판(DAP-R)의 타당화

Validation of the Korean-Death Attitude Profile-Revised

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 죽음에 대한 다양한 태도를 파악하고자 개발된 죽음태도 척도 개정판(Death Attitude Profile-Revised; DAP-R)을 한국어로 번안하고 타당화하는 것이다. 이를 위해 20~70대의 일반인 609명을 대상으로 한국어로 번안한 DAP-R과 죽음불안, 특성불안, 자존감, 심리적 안녕감에 대한 설문지를 실시하여 한국어판 DAP-R의 요인구조, 신뢰도 및 타당도를 확인하였다. 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석 결과, DAP-R은 죽음공포, 죽음회피, 도피수용, 접근수용, 중립수용의 5요인 구조를 보였고, 대체로 양호한 수준의 신뢰도와 수렴 및 변별 타당도를 보였다. 죽음공포와 죽음회피는 서로 높은 정적 상관을 보였다. 중립수용은 이 두 요인과 부적 상관을 보였으나, 도피수용과 접근수용은 죽음공포와 부적인 상관을 보이지 않았다. 선행연구와 달리, 죽음공포와 중립수용에서 연령집단에 따른 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 여성에 비해 남성의 죽음공포가 높게 나타났다. 도피수용은 특성 불안과 정적 상관을, 자존감 및 심리적 안녕감과 부적 상관을 보인 바, ‘현재의 고통을 피하고자 죽음을 수용하는 태도’를 반영하고 있어 자살 위험과의 관련성이 시사되었다. 본 연구의 의의와 한계, 그리고 후속 연구 사항에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study aimed to validate the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R). It investigated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the DAP-R (K-DAP-R). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the K-DAP-R comprised five factors: fear of death, death avoidance, escape acceptance, approach acceptance, and neutral acceptance. In addition, it showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and generally good convergent and divergent validity, except for the approach acceptance factor. Fear of death and death avoidance factors were positively correlated. The neutral acceptance factor was negatively correlated with these two factors, but the approach and escape acceptance factors were not significantly correlated with the fear of death factor. Unlike previous studies, there were no significant differences in fear of death or neutral acceptance factors between the age groups. In addition, males showed a higher level of fear of death than females. The escape acceptance factor showed a significant positive correlation with trait anxiety, and negative correlations with self-esteem and psychological well-being. This result indicates that “the attitude to accept death in order to avoid present suffering” may be related to suicide risk. Along with the significance and limitations of the current study, future directions for the study are discussed.

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