본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

병리적 자기애 성향자의 웅대성과 취약성에 따른 정서적 특성

Emotional Characteristics of Narcissists with Grandiosity and Vulnerability

권석만|양진원
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2016.02|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제35권 제1호|pp. 215-242|DOI 10.15842/kjcp.2016.35.1.011

0

조회

0

다운로드

34

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

정서pathological narcissismemotion병리적 자기애웅대성취약성PNInarcissistic grandiositynarcissistic vulnerability
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 자기애의 웅대성과 취약성이라는 두 요인을 모두 측정하는 척도를 마련하고, 두 요인에 따른 정서적 특성을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구 Ⅰ에서는 병리적 자기애 척도(PNI)를 번안하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였다. 연구 Ⅱ에서는 자기애자들의 웅대성과 취약성에 따른 정서적 특성의 차이점과 유사점을 살펴보기 위한 분석을 실시하였다. 대학생 327명을 대상으로 PNI의 웅대성 및 취약성과 정서적 특성들 간 상관 분석을 한 결과, 웅대성은 긍정정서와 정적인 상관을 보였으며 우울, 부정정서와는 유의미한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 반면, 취약성은 우울, 부정정서와 정적인 상관을 보였으며 긍정정서와는 부적인 상관을 보였다. 웅대성과 취약성 모두 특질분노와 정적 상관을 보였다. 다음으로 자기애 성향이 높은 사람들 중 상대적으로 웅대성이 높은 집단과 취약성이 높은 집단을 분류하여, 정서적 특성이 집단 간 차이가 나타나는지를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 웅대성 집단은 취약성 집단 보다 긍정정서의 점수가 높았고, 취약성 집단은 웅대성 집단보다 부정정서, 우울의 점수가 높았다. 두 집단 간 특질 분노의 점수는 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자기애 성향자들이 지니는 웅대성과 취약성의 상대적인 수준 차이에 따라 정서적 특성이 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study seeks to empirically identify the emotional characteristics of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability using a measure that assesses a wide range of narcissism. In study I, Pathological Narcissism Inventory(PNI), which measures pathological narcissism, was translated into Korean and was validated. Study II was conducted to examine the emotional characteristics of people with narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability. Grandiosity subscales showed positive correlation with positive affect, but showed no significant correlation with depression and negative affect. On the other hand, vulnerability subscales showed positive correlation with depression and negative affect but negative correlation with positive affect. Both narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability showed positive correlation with trait anger. For further analysis, narcissists were divided into grandiose group and vulnerable group based on their relative levels of PNI’s grandiosity score and vulnerability score. The grandiose group showed more positive affect than the vulnerable group. The vulnerable group showed higher level of depression and negative affect. However, no significant difference in the trait anger score was observed between the vulnerable group and the grandiose group. The finding of this research suggests that emotional characteristics vary according to two factors of narcissism. The implications, limitations and suggestions for future study are discussed.

참고문헌 (80)

  1. Akhtar, S., "New clinical realms" (2003), Jason Aronson Inc
  2. Akhtar, S., "Overview : Narcissistic personality disorder", American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, pp.12~20 (1982)
  3. Beck, A. T., "An inventory for measuring depression", Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, pp.561~571 (1961)
  4. Besser, A., "The influence of pathological narcissism on emotional and motivational response the negative events : The roles of visibility and concern about humiliation", Journal of Research in Personality, 44, pp.520~534 (2010)
  5. Biddle, B. J., "Causality, confirmation, credulity, and structural equation modeling", Child Development, 58, pp.4~17 (1987)
  6. Bollen, K. A., "Structural equation with latent variables" (1989), John Wiley & Sons
  7. Brown, R. P., "On the meaning and measure of narcissism. Personality and Social Psychology", Bulletin, 35, pp.951~964 (2009)
  8. Bushman, B. J., "Threatened egotism narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, pp.219~229 (1998)
  9. Buss, A., "The aggression questionnaire", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, pp.452~459 (1992)
  10. Cain, N. M., "Narcissism at the crossroads : Phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social", personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis, 2008, pp.28, 638~656
  11. Carroll, L., "The interpersonal impact of narcissism : A comparative study of entitlement and self-absorption factors", Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 11, pp.601~613 (1996)
  12. Chon, K. K., "Korean adaptation of the state-trait anger expression inventory : Anger and blood pressure", Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 2, pp.60~78 (1997)
  13. Chung, N. W., "A validational study of the hypersensitivity narcissism scale(HSNS)", Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 13, pp.196~213 (2001)
  14. Corruble, E., "Comorbidity of personality disorders and unipolar major depression : A review", Journal of Affective Disorders, 37, pp.157~170 (1996)
  15. Cortina, J. M., "Big things have small beginnings : An assortment of"minor"methodological misunderstandings", Journal of Management, 28, pp.339~362 (2002)
  16. Costello, A. B., "Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis", Practical Assesment, Research & Evaluation, 10, pp.1~9 (2005)
  17. Dickinson, K. A., "Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism", Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, pp.188~207 (2003)
  18. Ellison, W. D., "The impact of pathological narcissism on psychotherapy utilization, initial symptom severity, and early-treatment symptom change : A naturalistic investigation", Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, pp.291~300 (2013)
  19. Emmons, R. A., "Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory", Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, pp.291~300 (1984)
  20. Emmons, R. A., "Narcissism : Theory and measurement", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, pp.11~17 (1987)
  21. Gabbard, G. O., "Two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder", Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 53, pp.527~532 (1989)
  22. Gioiella, P., "The relationship of relative shame", guilt proneness to the attribution of responsibility under no shame and shame arousal, 1979, pp.40, 2432B~
  23. Goldberg, L. R., "A-broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level factors several five-factor models", Personality Psychology in Europe, 7, pp.7~28 (1999)
  24. Han, S. J., "Overt and covert self-relevant cognition of narcissists", master, pp.1999
  25. Hendin, H. M., "Assessing hypersensitive narcissism : A reexamination of Murray’s narcissism scale", Journal of Research in Personality, 31, pp.588~599 (1997)
  26. Hickman, S. E., "Optimism, pessimism, and the complexity of narcissism", Personality and Individual Differences, 20, pp.521~525 (1996)
  27. Hoblitzelle, W., "The role of shame and symptom formation", pp.207~236 (1987), Erlbaum
  28. Hong, S. H., "The criteria of selecting appropriate fit indices in structural equation modeling and their rationales", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19, pp.161~178 (2000)
  29. Horowitz, M., "Clinical phenomenology of narcissistic pathology", Psychiatric Annals, 39, pp.124~128 (2009)
  30. Hwang, S. T., "Development of diagnostic criteria for personality disorder", doctor, pp.1995
  31. Jackson, L. A., "Narcissism and body image", Journal of Research in Personality, 26, pp.357~370 (1992)
  32. Kaiser, H., "An index of factorial simplicity", Psychometrika, 39, pp.32~36 (1974)
  33. Kernberg, O. F., "Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism" (1975), Jason Aronson
  34. Kernberg, O. F., "Clinical phenomenology of narcissistic pathology", Psychiatric Annals, 39, pp.124~128 (2009)
  35. Kim, J. S., "Effects of success-failure feedback on negative affects, self-esteem, and ability attribution of overt and covert narcissistic tendencies", master, pp.2008
  36. Kohut, H., "The analysis of the self" (1971), International Universities Press
  37. Kohut, H., "The restoration of the self" (1977), International Universities Press
  38. Kohut, H., "The disorders of the self and their treatment : An outline", International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 59, pp.413~425 (1978)
  39. Lee, F., "When the going gets tough, do the tough ask for help? Help seeking and power motivation in organizations", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72, pp.336~363 (1997)
  40. Lee, F., "The social costs of seeking help", Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 38, pp.17~35 (2002)
  41. 이현희, "한국판 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도 (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)의 타당화 연구", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22(4), pp.935~946 (2003), 한국임상심리학회
  42. Lee, H. J., "Self-concepts and paranoid tendency", Psychological Science, 4, pp.15~29 (1995)
  43. 이준득, "내현적", 외현적 자기애 성향자의 자기개념 명료성과 부정적 정서특성, 2007, pp.26(2), 463~477[DOI]
  44. Lee, Y. H., "A study of the reliability and the validity of the BDI, SDS, MMPI-D Scales", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10, pp.98~113 (1991)
  45. Lukowitsky, M. R., "Differentiating forms of narcissism by achievement- related motives and interpersonal problems", Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Interpersonal Theory and Research (2007)
  46. Markus, H. R., "The conceptual self in context", pp.13~60 (1997), Cambridge University Press
  47. McCann, J. T., "Narcissistic personality features and self-reported anger", Psychological Reports, 64, pp.55~58 (1989)
  48. Miller, J. D., "Narcissistic personality disorder and the DSM-V", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, pp.640~649 (2010)
  49. Murray, H. A., "Explorations in personality" (1938), Oxford University Press
  50. Nam, K. S., "Coping strategy effects on psychological symptoms associated with shame- and guilt-inducing experiences", doctor, pp.2008
  51. Pincus, A. L., "Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory", Psychological Assessment, 21, pp.365~379 (2009)
  52. Pincus, A. L., "Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder", Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, pp.421~446 (2010)
  53. Raskin, R., "A narcissistic personality inventory", Psychological Reports, 45, pp.590~ (1979)
  54. Raskin, R., "A principal component analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity", Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 54, pp.890~902 (1988)
  55. Rathvon, N., "An MMPI-2 portrait of narcissism", Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, pp.1~19 (1996)
  56. Rhodewalt, F., "Self and interpersonal correlates of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory : A review and new findings", Journal of Research in Personality, 29, pp.1~23 (1995)
  57. Rhodewalt, F., "On self-aggrandizement and anger : A temporal analysis of narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, pp.672~685 (1998)
  58. Robbins, S, B., "Narcissistic needs of the self and perceptions of interpersonal behavior", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, pp.221~231 (1992)
  59. Ronningstam, E., "Evidence and experience in psychiatry: Personality disorders", pp.277~327 (2005), Wiley
  60. Ronningstam, E., "Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V", Psychiatric Annals, 39, pp.111~121 (2009)
  61. Rosenberg, M., "Society and the adolescent child" (1965), Princeton University Press
  62. Russ, E., "Refining the construct of narcissistic personality disorder : Diagnostic criteria and subtypes", American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp.1473~1481 (2008)
  63. Saucier, G., "Evidence for the Big Five in analyses of familiar English personality adjectives", European Journal of Personality, 10, pp.61~77 (1996)
  64. Sedikides, C., "Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy? : Self-esteem matters", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, pp.400~416 (2004)
  65. 서수균, "자존감 및 자기애 성향과 공격성의 관계", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(4), pp.809~826 (2002), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  66. Smalley, R. L., "Evaluating sources of ego-threatening feedback: Self- esteem and narcissism effects", Journal of Research in Personality, 30, pp.483~495 (1996)
  67. Spielbeger, C. D., "Health psychology: Individual differences and stress", pp.89~108 (1998), Springer Verlag
  68. Stuck, T. S., "When a grandiose self-image is threatened : Narcissism and self-concept clarity as predictors of negative emotions and aggression following ego-threat", Journal of Personality, 70, pp.509~532 (2002)
  69. Taylor, S. E., "Culture and social support: Who seeks it and why?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, pp.354~362 (2005)
  70. Tritt, S. M., "Pathological narcissism and the depressive temperament", Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, pp.280~284 (2010)
  71. Watson, D., "Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect : The PANAS scales", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, pp.1063~1070 (1998)
  72. Watson, P. J., "Measures of the narcissistic personality : Complexity of relationships with self-esteem and empathy", Journal of Personality Disorders, 64, pp.434~449 (1992)
  73. Watson, P. J., "Narcissism, sex roles, and self-functioning", Sex Roles, 16, pp.335~350 (1987)
  74. Watson, P. J., "Self-reported narcissism and perfectionism: An ego-psychological perspective and the continuum hypothesis", Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 19, pp.59~69 (1999)
  75. Wink, P., "Two faces of narcissism", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, pp.590~597 (1991)
  76. Wink, P., "Three narcissism scales for the California Q-set", Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, pp.51~66 (1992)
  77. Won, J. S., "The effects of covert narcissistic personality tendency on depression : The mediational role of the fear of negative appraisal, subjective frustration experience, and socially prescribed perfectionism", master, pp.2006
  78. Wright, A. G. C., "The higher-order factor structure and gender invariance of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory", Assessment, 17, pp.467~483 (2010)
  79. 유태용, "한국판 HEXACO 성격검사의 구성타당화 연구", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 18(3), pp.61~75 (2004), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  80. Zeigler-Hill, V., "Trouble ahead, trouble behind : Narcissism and early maladaptive schemas", Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, pp.96~103 (2011)

관련 논문AI추천

자기애 성격장애 척도의 요인 구조: 외현적 자기애 및 내현적 자기애와의 관련성 검증심상홍, 이장한한국사회및성격심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격2012 · 제26권 제2호병리적 자기애의 선별 기준에 관한 연구: 병리적 자기애 질문지의 절단점 확인을 중심으로조성호, 황선정한국상담심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료2015 · 제27권 제2호자기애의 핵심 특성과 표현 차이에 관한 메타 분석: 대학생을 중심으로박창현, 장유진한국상담심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료2021 · 제33권 제1호내현적/외현적 자기애 성향자의 자기개념 명료성과 부정적 정서특성서수균, 이준득, 이훈진한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2007 · 제26권 제2호내현적, 외현적 자기애성향자의 적대감, 분노경험수준 및 분노표현양식백승혜, 현명호한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2008 · 제27권 제4호주도성과 친화성 특성에 따른 병리적 자기애의 암묵적․명시적 자존감임종민, 장문선, 전유겸한국임상심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 임상심리 연구와 실제2022 · 제8권 제4호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (14건)

다면적 인성검사 Ⅱ 재구성판(MMPI-2-RF)으로 살펴본 외상후스트레스장애군과 주요우울장애, 그리고 공병장애군의 임상 특성 비교김근향, 박은희, 최지영pp. 1-20한국판 시각-운동 통합 검사(VMI-6) 표준화연구: 신뢰도와 타당도를 중심으로김지혜, 황순택, 홍상황, 박도란pp. 21-44한국 아동 기억기능의 성차김홍근, 김용숙pp. 45-60한국판 Persecution and Deservedness Scale의 신뢰도와 타당도고현석, 김빛나pp. 61-79한국판 시각-운동 통합 검사 6판(VMI-6)의 구인 타당도: 지적 장애, 자폐스펙트럼장애, 및 ADHD 아동을 대상으로홍상황, 김지혜, 황순택, 한혜련pp. 81-99
원문 보기