묵가의 辯說에 반영된 聖王과 詩書

Abstract

In this text, we looked at the general characteristics of ancient Holy King(聖王) and ShiShu(詩書) reflected in the Mohist School's argument in the process of Hundred School's Dispute. The Mohist School positively affirmed the argument that “presupposes practice” in the context of the Hundred School's Dispute at the time. For this, he first clearly set the purpose and standard, set God and ghosts to promote the so-called “Ten Discourses”(十論), and utilized the case of Holy King as well as the contents of ShiShu. If we outline the characteristics of the argument for the promotion of the ideology of the Mohist School, it emphasizes the actual experience and utility of the group above all else. This is natural due to the nature of the based on the lower classes, and through this, it was able to receive active support from the people as one of the so-called “Famous schools”(顯學) during the Warring States period. However, on the other hand, the Mohist School's argument had to have certain limitations. Especially the attitude of sympathizing with the general beliefs of the public seems to contradict the position that rejects fatalism. The case of Holy King used in the Mohist School is, of course, to secure the legitimacy and authority of Ten Discourses. However, it is quite different from the case of Holy King, which is often used in advanced Confucianism in terms of political and ethical aspects, especially in relation to the rites and music. Although Mohist School also affirmed the rituals of the ancient God and ghosts, he thoroughly criticized the rites and music of Confucianism. It can be seen that a number of scattered poetry(逸詩) and scattered books(逸書) are included among the materials of ShiShu quoted in 'Mozi', and some characters and their arrangement are different from other disciple books. This suggests that various versions of ShiShu existed at that time. Therefore, Mozi was able to retain the original purpose as it is, or to process some data while citing Shiseo according to certain standards. A typical characteristic of Mozi's attitude of citing ShiShu is that he regards all the contents reflected therein as historical facts. On the other hand, Confucianism consistently uses poetry as a source of edification. In short, the Hundred School selected and utilized the cases and poems of the ancient Holy King to rationalize and promote their political and ethical ideology in common in the process of arguing for the Hundred School's Dispute.