조선시대 內丹 口訣書 고찰 — 「丹書口訣」과 「東國傳道十六訣」을 중심으로 —

Abstract

Taoist related books in the Chosun Dynasty were bound with Gugyeolseo (口訣書). It produce contrary evidence of the wide distribution of Gugyeolseo (口訣書) among people. Most Taoist related books in the Chosun Dynasty have many different versions and manuscripts. Danseogygyeol(丹書口訣) and Donggukjeondosipyukgyeol (東國傳道十六訣) which will be dealt with in the study are also handed down being bound with many other books for Taoism training. Gugyeol(口訣) specifically deals with an issue about how to become a Shinsun(Taoist hermit with miraculous powers). Gugyeolseo (口訣書) in the Chosun Dynasty served a role in suggesting “How to become a Shinsun” to people of the time. This paper will introduce 2 representative Gugyeolseo (口訣書) in the Chosun Dynasty and unveil the differences between these two Gugyeolseo (口訣書). First, Donggukjeondosipyukgyeol (東國傳道十六訣) is estimated to be the Gugyeol(口訣) mentioned in Haedongjeondorok(海東傳道錄) and Donggunjeondobigi(東國傳道秘記). Second, Danseogygyeol(丹書口訣) holds fast to an exclusive opinion, ‘Taoism is the best teaching among Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism“ and supports 'Lao', but Donggukjeondosipyukgyeol (東國傳道十六訣) refers to the Big Dipper faith. Taking into account the Big Dipper faith is one of the features of Taoism in the Chosun Dynasty, Donggukjeondosipyukgyeol (東國傳道十六訣)’s emphasis on the Big Dipper faith is the difference from Danseogygyeol(丹書口訣). In short, when looking to Donggukjeondosipyukgyeol (東國傳道十六訣) that suggesting a specific training method, it is though there is an independent perception of Taoism in the Chosun Dynasty which cannot be simply believed to be Chinese style Taoism training.