미국해상보험체계상 준거법 적용의 구조적 문제와 영향에 관한 고찰
A Study on Structural Problems and Effects of Applying Governing Law in the US Marine Insurance Act
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Wilburn Boat 사건에서 피보험자는 텍사스주의 화재보험의 판례법에 따라 담보특약(Warranty) 위반 손해에 기인하고 있다는 것을 보험자가 입증하지 못하면 보험자는 보험보상 책임이 있다고 주장했다. 1심, 2심 재판 모두 보험자 측의 주장을 인정했지만, 대법원은 연방법에는 해당 사건의 담보특약에 관한 확립된 판례법이 없으며, 이러한 경우에는 이전부터 그랬던 것과 같이 해상보험은 주법에 위임한다고 판시하고 텍사스주법이 적용되었다. 미국은 복잡한 법규정이나 독특한 소송관행이 있으며 해상보험법도 그 환경에 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국 해상보험법이 내포하는 문제로서 해상보험계약과 관련된 준거법 선택과 관련된 문제를 고찰한다. 지금까지 이 문제에 대해서는 영미법의 일반적인 특징으로서 문제의 근원이 된 판례나 그 후의 판례법의 형성이 중시되고 연구의 대상이 되고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 실체법의 형성보다 미국법의 독특한 구조면과 해상보험법의 체계에 중점을 두면서 그 문제를 구성하고 있는 요소를 분석하고자 한다.
Abstract
Purpose : This study investigates the structural problems and effects of applying governing law in the US Marine Insurance Act. Research design, data, methodology : The paper uses Wilburn Boat case and In the Wilburn Boat case, the insured claimed that the insurer was liable for insurance coverage if the insurer could not prove that it was caused by a breach of warranty under the Texas Fire Insurance Case Law. In both first and second instances, the insurer admitted the claim, but the Supreme Court decided that there is no established case law in the warranty for this case in federal law, in which marine insurance is delegated to state law as before. Results : Until now, the general characteristics of the Anglo-American law have emphasized the formation of precedents and subsequent case law, which are the source of the problem, and are the subject of study. Conclusions : This result focus on the framework and analyze what constitutes the problem. This study focuses on the unique structure of US law and the framework of the Marine Insurance Act rather than the formation of substantive law.
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