霞谷學과 茶山學의 사상적 연계 고찰을 위한 試論 — 四德⋅四端論을 중심으로 —

Abstract

The paper is an introductory study of the mutual interrelation between Hagok Studies and Dasan Studies. It is based on the fact that Dasan Jeong Yak-yong strongly agreed to the Theory of Innate Human Mind and Disposition by Wonkyo Lee Gwang-sa, a scholar of Hagok Studies, as well as the common understanding of both Hagok Studies and Dasan’s Theory of Innate Human Mind and Human Emotions Expressed by Nature. Their common understanding is examined by dividing into the issue of establishing the concept of the Theory of Innate Human Mind and Four Virtues, as well as the question of good and evil. First, regarding the Four Virtues and Theory of Innate Human Mind, Hagok Studies and Dasan both viewed ‘dan (innateness)’ as the beginning, that Theory of Innate Human Mind is the starting point of the source, and that the Four Virtues are the results of expanding the Theory of Innate Human Mind after an event occurs. They denied viewing human character as a fixed, metaphysical being. Hagok Studies and Dasan draw the same conclusion for the question of good and evil in Theory of Innate Human Mind and Human Emotions Expressed by Nature. That is, an innate human mind can be evil and the human emotions expressed by nature can be good, and the cause of evilness is not a disposition and it is important to distinguish the nature of law and human work. However, both are different in explaining the process of good and evil due to their different definitions of character. Hagok Studies regarded that the state of evilness is the covering of inborn knowledge, and the expansion of the Theory of Innate Human Mind is mainly determined by always following will amidst ethical judgement and behaviors. On the other hand, Dasan perceived that good and evil is a choice made by independent self-authority and depends on following either the public character of the law of nature or the personal interest of human desire. Dasan’s Theory of Innate Human Mind and Human Emotions Expressed by Nature has more opinions and naturalness of Hagok Studies rather than the viewpoints of Japanese Classical Studies. It is necessary to further examine the ideological connections of Hagok Studies and Dagok Studies in follow-up ideology studies.