위기와 기회: 미얀마의 코로나19 대응 특징과 정치적 함의
Crisis and Opportunities: Characteristics of Myanmar’s COVID-19 Response Strategy and Its Political Implications
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미얀마는 코로나19의 첫 진원지였던 중국을 비롯하여 다섯 개 국가들과 국경을 접하고 있을 뿐 아니라 동남아 최대의 이주노동자 송출 국가라는 사회경제적 특성까지 겹쳐 외부 유입에 따른 감염 확산 우려가 매우 높았던 곳이다. 더 큰 문제는 50여 년 동안 장기 지속된 군부 통치 아래 보건의료체계가 거의 붕괴 수준에 이르렀다는 점이다. 해외 유입 사례에서 지역사회 감염 사례로, 이어 다시 귀환 이주노동자들이 주가 되는 해외 유입 사례로 선명히 구분되어 순차적으로 이동해가는 미얀마의 코로나19 감염 추이는 방역 역량의 한계 안에서 선택된 미얀마 정부의 방역 전략이 적용된 결과로 해석할 수 있다. 이 논문은 먼저 미얀마에서의 코로나19 발병 현황과 국가 방역 역량에 초점을 맞추어 미얀마 정부의 대응 과정을 들여다봄으로써 이 같은 발병 전개에 대한 설명을 시도한다. 아울러 이 논문은 코로나19가 미얀마에 열어놓은 새로운 기회의 장에 대해서도 주목한다. ‘코로나19 연대’라고도 부를 수 있을, 코로나19 공동 대응을 위한 여러 이해주체들의 공조가 그것으로, 이 논문은 이러한 과정이 갖는 정치적 함의에 대하여 고찰한다.
Abstract
Myanmar was one of the countries that have been expected to have a high risk of spreading COVID-19 infections from outside, not only because it is bordered by five countries, including China, the first epicenter of the COVID-19, but also it has been the Southeast Asia’s largest migrant labour sending country. The more serious problem is that the health care system has almost reached the level of collapse under the military rule of more than 50 years. The characteristic of the spread of COVID-19 in Myanmar is that the categories of major infected groups are very distinct in each period, which is likely to be the result of the strategy that government of Myanmar have deployed within the limits of infectious disease containment capacities and resources. This paper attempt to explain the characteristics of Myanmar government’s the COVID-19 responses, focusing on the national preventive capabilities to the infectious diseases. In addition, the author pays attention to the new opportunities COVID-19 has brought to Myanmar. It is about some signs of positive changes that have emerged as various stakeholders actively cooperate for prevention of COVID-19 spreading. This paper tries to explain the political implications of this process.
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