茶山≪大學≫觀的理路構建硏究(1) − 以太學觀、格致六條爲中心 −

Abstract

As one of the Four Books, Daxue has its historical status. However, in the long-term process of interpreting and annotating the classics, each school has its own words, which has created its unique theories of Daxue. Among them, Zhu Xi's Daxue view has the most profound impact on later generations, while Tasan broke the Convention and overturned the Daxue view put forward by Zhu Xi in the Daxue Zhangju that contains the system of "three programs, eight items", "self-cultivation and management of people". Also, based on the ancient book Daxue, Tasan also carried out research and added annotations to build an ideological system based on its thinking. As far as the Taixue view is concerned, Tasan understood "Daxue" as "Taixue", advocated that the main object of "Daxue" is Zhou Zi, and that "the way of governing the country and stabilising the world" is "the way of Daxue ", and put forward the Taixue theory with specific practice and "governance" as the main content. This determined the direction of Tasan's "Daxue" view and set the tone of political science for the construction of Tasan's "Daxue" view. As far as the viewpoint of "Gezhi Liutiao" is concerned, it is Tasan's query and challenge to Zhu Xi's "three programs" and "eight items" of "Daxue". First of all, Tasan broke Zhu Xi's view that shifting the focus of Daxue from "Chengyi" to "Gewu Zhizhi", and advocated "governing the country and making the world peaceful" as the main idea of the book. Secondly, in terms of "eight items", although Tasan has acknowledged the existence of the eight items, but argues that Gewu Zhizhi is the preparation of Chengyi, Zhengxin, Xiusheng, Qijia, Zhiguo, Pingtianxia. Gewu Zhizhi is not a parallel relation with the other six items. Therefore, the latter six items are collectively called "Gezhi Liutiao", which also constitutes Tasan's unique views on the eight items. In addition, Tasan inherited Zheng Xuan's and Kong Yingda's view that "Chengyi" is the core issue of Daxue, highlighting the importance of "Cheng". He also advocated that "Cheng" runs through all things, which is the wonderful strategy of filial piety that runs through the whole course of Daxue. And emphasized that "Cheng" must be combined with the practice of filial piety. Through the above discussion, it can be seen that through the different settings of the object scope and goal pursuit of Daxue, Tasan constructed a different view of Daxue from Zhu Xi, highlighted the role of Daxue as a "political book" where the emperor seeking the political philosophy of governing the country and stabilising the world and showed the practical characteristics of seeking truth from facts and being practical in its thoughts.