주자학이 전근대의 대표이념이 되기까지 ― 후쿠자와 유키치와 이노우에 데쓰지로의 유학을 둘러싼 공방 ―

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the starting point and background of criticism which Zhu Xi School is an representing ideology that hindered modernization in modern East Asia. As long as it is currently confirmed, it is judged that the starting point is Tetsujiro Inoue, a professor of philosophy at Tokyo Imperial University. When the Meiji government revised the initial Westernization policy and tried to introduce Confucian virtues into public education, Yukichi Fukuzawa, a representative modernist published a number of articles on Confucian morality from a standpoint against Confucian education. Inoue, a person about a generation later than Fukuzawa, advocates Confucian virtues in response to criticism of Fukuzawa. This paper argues that Inoue formed a framework for criticism of Zhu Xi School in the process of agreeing to Fukuzawa's criticism of Confucianism on one side and defending on the other side. Fukuzawa's criticism was directed at the Confucianism in general, which was not specific to Zhu Xi School, but Inoue makes Zhu Xi School responsible for this criticism, and Yang Ming School , especially "Japanese Yomeigaku" the source of Confucian virtues. In this process, Inoue divided the characteristics of Zhu Xi School and Yang Ming School into government and folk, theory and practice, feudalism and modernity. While Zhu Xi School is defined as a uniform theory- centered study led by government, "Japanese Yomeigaku" is given a status as a source of "national morality" dedicated to Japan with a inheritent moral nature.