2013년 캄보디아 총선: 선거권위주의에 대한 도전
The 2013 General Elections of Cambodia: A Challenge to the Electoral Authoritarianism
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이 논문은 2013년 캄보디아 총선 분석을 통해 캄보디아 정치지형의 변화와 함께 사회경제적인 변화를 조감하고, 특히 불공정한 선거제도 하에서 선거가 갖는 기능과 그 한계에 대해 논한다. 캄보디아는2008년 선거를 계기로 더욱 폐쇄적인 선거권위주의체제로 퇴행하였지만, 2013년 총선은 집권당의 강압적 통치와 경제적 실패에 대한반대와 더불어 야당의 전략적 승리가 결집함으로써 정치극장의 한계를 뛰어넘어 실질적인 변화의 단초를 제공했다는 점에서 의미 있는 선거였다.
Abstract
Since the landslide victory of the Cambodian People’s Party in the 2008general elections, Cambodia’s political system has undeniably decayed tobecome a consolidated electoral authoritarian state, under whichelections are no more than a political theater that generates politicallegitimacy with little prospect for a regime change. Does it mean that theconcepts of democracy and democratization are obsolete and have littlerelevance to Cambodia and that the 5th general elections held in July,2013 were simply another performance staged by the CPP?The 2013 elections defied such a pessimistic view with results thatcould have ended the CPP dominance had the electoral system beenimproved to prevent the irregularities reported during and after theelection day. With a high voter turnout, including the 1.6 million first timevoters, roughly half the voters refused the increasingly autocratic HunSen regime. Although the regime denied any fault in the election processand results, the Cambodian Rescue Party, the opposition party, insisted onballot recounting and electoral reform. After a year-long deadlock, theCPP government unwillingly had to come to terms with the CRP. Now the National Election Committee has been reformed and prepared to push formore electoral reform. Elections under authoritarian regime often times are designed in sucha way to give an impression that democracy is working and provide theregime with legitimacy. However, elections by the concept containpotentials to defy the given role by having voters united in such a numberthat surpasses the limit imposed by the unfair electoral system. The 2013general elections of Cambodia revealed that the possibility is valid,putting a curb on the regime and turning the direction of the politicalsystem back to democracy. It remains to be seen to what extent themomentum moves on.
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