인도네시아 투자협정 정책의 변화와 전망
Indonesia’s Policy on International Investment Treaties: Recent Changes and Prospect
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인도네시아는 경제발전을 목적으로 외국인직접투자 유치를 적극적으로 추구하였고, 이를 위해 다수의 국가들과 양자간투자협정을체결해 왔다. 그러나 2014년 3월 인도네시아 정부는 기존에 체결한모든 양자간투자협정에 대해 협정의 유효기간 만료 이후 더 이상의연장을 거부한다는 협정 종료 입장을 선언하였다. 인도네시아 정부는 최근에 투자협정의 위반을 이유로 외국인투자자에 의해 국제중재에 제소 당하는 일련의 투자분쟁 사안들에 직면한 바 있고, 이러한투자분쟁에 대한 우려가 투자협정 종료 선언의 직접적인 배경이 되고 있다. 또한 인도네시아의 정치·사회에서 자원민족주의 정서가 다시 강화되면서 광업 등 채굴산업 분야에서 새로운 정부 규제조치들이 도입되고 있으며, 투자협정의 종료 선언 역시 이러한 분위기의맥락에서 파악될 수 있다. 인도네시아는 최근 몇 년간 외국인직접투자 유치의 높은 성과를 이루었고 향후 투자유치의 전망에 있어서도외부 기관들로부터 높은 평가를 받고 있다. 외국인직접투자 유치에부정적 영향의 가능성에도 불구하고 인도네시아 정부가 투자협정종료를 선언한데에는 향후 외국인직접투자 유치에 대한 자신감도작용하고 있다. 투자협정의 존재는 외국인투자자의 투자결정에 있어인도네시아의 취약한 제도와 법체제를 보완해주는 역할을 했다. 인도네시아의 제도적 투자환경에 대한 외국인투자자의 신뢰도 저하를 막기 위해 인도네시아 정부는 외국인투자 보호에 관한 국내법 체제를 강화하는 노력을 경주해야 한다.
Abstract
Indonesia has been active in concluding bilateral investment treaties with the aim of attracting foreign direct investment to promote economic development. In March 2014, however, the Indonesian government announced that it will terminate all of its bilateral investment treaties. The Indonesian government’s concern over a number of recent international arbitration cases brought by foreign investors seems to have caused it to rethink of the risks of investment treaties. The policy change can be also understood in the context of Indonesia’s growing resource nationalism, which in recent years has given rise to new regulations on foreign investment in the mining industry. Foreign direct investment has been at an all-time high since the late 1990s and Indonesia is viewed by foreign investors as a very promising investment destination. Indonesia’s increased confidence in attracting foreign investment can be considered as another reason for this policy change. Investment treaties have played a role in complementing the Indonesia’s judicial system in which foreign investors have low confidence. To avoid possible negative effects on the evaluation of Indonesia’s foreign investment regime, the policy change should be accompanied by greater government efforts to reinforce legal protection for foreign investment
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