중국의 위안화는 기축통화가 될 수 있을까? -중국의 CBDC를 중심으로-
Can the Digital Currency Yuan be a Key Currency? -Focused on CBDC in China-
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초록
본 연구에서는 중국 중심의 CBDC(중앙은행디지털화폐)에 대한 탐험적 연구를 통해 기축통화가능성에 대해 살펴보고 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법으로는 CBDC에 관련된 논문, 연구보고서, 학위논문 등을 자료를 통하여 국내, 국외의 문헌적 연구를 하였다. 미국과 유럽연합은 중국 정부가 CBDC 발행을 통해 미래의 기축통화국 지위 획득과 위안화 CBDC를 기반으로 한 새로운 글로벌 금융 시스템 구축에서 앞서가려는 전략을 반드시 저지해야 한다. 기축통화 보유국으로서 특권을 누리기 위해 미국과 중국의 디지털 통화 경쟁은 앞으로 더 치열하게 전개될 것이다. 이런 점들을 종합적으로 볼 때, 최종 승자는 예측하기는 너무 이르다고 할 수 있다. 중국의 중앙은행은 디지털화폐(CBDC)라는 용어대신 ‘디지털화폐 및 전자지급결제(DCEP: Digital Currency and Electronic Payment)’를 사용하고 있다. 새로운 디지털화폐가 단순히 본원통화를 대체하는 것을 벗어나 지급결제의 폭을 넓히겠다는 의도를 가진 것이다. 이는 중앙은행 디지털화폐를 이용하여 알리페이나 위챗페이를 능가하는 초국가적인 지급결제시스템 구축을 추구할 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Purpose : In this study, through exploratory research on CBDC(central bank digital currency) centered on China, the possibility of a key currency is examined and implications are presented. Research design, data, methodology : As a research method, literature research was conducted in Korea and abroad through the data of theses, research reports, and dissertations related to CBDC. Results : The US and the European Union must block the Chinese government’s strategy of gaining the status of a key currency in the future through the issuance of CBDCs and building a new global financial system based on the RMB CBDC. The digital currency competition between the U.S. and China will be fiercer in the future to enjoy the privilege of being a key currency holder. Overall, it can be said that it is too early to predict the final winner. Conclusions : China’s central bank uses the term ‘digital currency and electronic payment (DCEP)’, not digital currency (CBDC). This can be interpreted as an intention to expand the scope of payment and settlement beyond simply replacing the main currency. There is a possibility of pursuing the establishment of a transnational payment and settlement system that surpasses Alipay or WeChat Pay using central bank digital currency.
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