난민네트워크의 세력화가 난민의 건강권에 미치는 영향: 로힝야 난민 사례를 중심으로
Refugees’ Rights to Universal Health Coverage: The case of Rohingya in Southeast Asia
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난민들의 보편적 건강권은 어떠한 조건에서 향상될까? 본 논문은 동남아 각 지역에서 로힝야 난민들에게 실제로 의료 서비스를 제공한 경험이 있는 국제인권단체 및 유엔난민기구의 보고서를 분석하고, 현장 경험이 있는 활동가들을 인터뷰함으로서, 동남아 각국에서 다르게 나타난 로힝야 난민들의 건강권 보장 현황과 그 원인을 분석해 보고자 한다. 본 논문은 국제난민법 제도화 및 정치적 의지 부재의 결과로, 난민들이 보편적 건강 보장 범주에서 배제되는 현상이 동남아 지역에서 두드러지게 나타나고 있다고 설명한다. 그러나 다행히도 이러한 난민 보호의 빈틈은 국제기구 및 시민단체, 그리고 특히 난민 자급자족 네트워크들이 제도화를 넘어선 다른 방식으로 채워나가고 있다. 본 연구 결과는 안정되고 세력화되어 있는 난민 커뮤니티가 지역 사회에 존재하는 난민 수용국일수록, 새로 도착한 난민들에게 자원을 공유해 줄 수 있는 잠재성을 가질 확률이 높아, 지역 내 수용되어 있는 난민 전체의 의료 서비스 접근성을 높일 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Under what conditions, refugees’ rights to universal health coverage (UHC) can be improved? This article aims to identify the factors that lead to the varying responses of host countries toward refugees’ rights to health by examining the medical issues Rohingya refugees have faced in the Southeast Asian region throughout their forced-migration journey. This article suggests that refugees are more likely to access UHC systems in a host country where refugee community organizations are empowered and become self-sufficient with support from international organizations and human rights NGOs. Stable and empowered refugee community organizations have better financial resources and social networks which could help newcomers to access UHC.
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