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필리핀 2022: 전통적 가문 정치의 귀환과 코로나 19 이후의 경제회복 과제

Philippines 2022: The Return of Political Dynasties and the Restoration Task from Economic Fall after COVID-19

정법모
한국동남아학회|2023.02|동남아시아연구 (The Southeast Asian Review)|제33권 제1호|pp. 281-315|DOI 10.21652/kaseas.33.1.202302.281

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키워드

BPO마르코스 주니어독립외교가문정치해외이주노동자Marcos Jr.independent foreign relationpolitical dynastiesoverseas Filipino workers
주제분류지역학

초록

2022년 필리핀에서는 두테르테 대통령 임기가 끝나고 총선을 통해 마르코스 주니어가 당선되었다. 국내적으로 마약과의 전쟁으로 대표되는 강한 국가의 통제가 지속될 것인지, 대외적으로는 미국과 일정한 거리를 두며 중국과 친밀한 관계를 취해왔던 외교 전략은 어떻게 변할 것인지 등에 대한 관심이 집중되었다. 취임한 지 얼마되지 않았지만, 명분상으로는 전임정부를 많이 승계한다고 한 반면, 실제에 있어서는 충돌을 피하고 실리를 취하는 방향으로 전개되었다고 평가할 만하다. 마약과의 전쟁과 독립외교에서 두테르테 대통령과는 일부 다른 모습을 보여줬지만, 확실한 미래의 상이 없어 앞으로의 행보를 예측하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 필리핀 경제는 해외이주노동자의 송금과 외국계 기업의 BPO 산업에 의존하는 비중이 컸기 때문에 코로나19로 인한 봉쇄정책이나 여행금지가 미친 영향이 어느 국가에 비해 컸다. 기대보다는 빠르게 경제 회복을 하고 있으나 취약계층에 대한 대책이 미진한 것은 큰 과제이다. 한국은 인프라 건설 및 방산 수출 등에서 필리핀과의 협력이 기대되고 있으며, 그 동안 현저히 줄어든 사람의 이동과 인적 교류가 회복되는 것은 또 하나의 과제이다.

Abstract

In the Philippines in 2022, President Duterte's term ended and Marcos Jr. was elected through general elections. Attention was focused on whether the control of a strong state, represented by the war on drugs, would continue in domestic matter, while how the diplomatic strategy, which had maintained a close relationship with China while keeping a certain distance from the United States, would change was focused in international matter. Although it has not been long since his inauguration, it was said that he succeeded the previous government in verbal expression, but in reality, it is worth evaluating that it has developed in the direction of avoiding conflict and taking practical gains. Although he showed some differences from President Duterte in the war on drugs and independent diplomacy, it is not easy to predict his future move as there is no clear future award. Because the Philippine economy relied heavily on the remittance of migrant workers and the BPO industry of foreign companies, the impact of the containment policy or travel ban due to COVID-19 was greater than in any other country. Although the economy is recovering faster than expected, the lack of measures for the vulnerable sector is a big challenge. Korea is expected to cooperate with the Philippines in infrastructure construction and defense industry, and restoring the movement of people and people-to-people exchange, which have significantly decreased in the meantime, is another task.

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