지속가능성에 대한 덕 윤리학적 접근
A Virtue Ethics Approach to Sustainability
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본 글은 덕 윤리학적 관점에서 지속가능성에 대해 고찰하고, 지속가능성에 대한 덕 윤리학적 접근 방식의 강점과 그 도덕교육적 함의를 탐색한다. 지속가능성은 생물학에 기원을 둔 환경 용량이라는 개념에서 유래한 것으로 지구라는 유한 공간에서 무한한 자원 소비와 경제 발전의 가능성을 부정하는 개념이다. 현재 이 개념은 사회적 형평성, 경제 성장, 환경 보전을 동시에 달성할 수 있다는 믿음을 표명하고 있지만 경제성장 패러다임과 생태중심 패러다임의 갈등을 조성하고 있다. 일반적으로 환경 덕 윤리학자들은 절제, 동정심, 자비 등과 같은 전통적인 덕을 인간과 환경과의 관계 분야에 적용하고, 그 전통적 덕과 환경 덕을 서로 다른 영역 또는 범주로 분리하고 있다. 그런데 모든 영역이 직간접적으로 상호작용한다는 점을 감안할 때 그들은 전체론적, 생태학적, 변혁적 접근방식을 수용할 필요가 있다. 그리고 덕 윤리학적 접근은 지속가능성을 번영과 관련이 있는 개념으로 이해하고, 인간과 자연의 기본적 관계를 번영이라는 관점에서 파악하며, 자연과의 조화의 덕 함양과 지속가능성의 덕의 함양 및 실천을 강조한다. 특히 덕 윤리학의 핵심 개념인 실천적 지혜는 지속가능성과 관련된 새롭고 복잡한 문제를 판단하는 데 필수적이다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때, 덕 윤리학적 접근은 지속가능성을 향한 교육의 방법론으로서 매우 유용하다.
Abstract
This paper discusses sustainability, sustainable development, and the direction and teaching methods of education for sustainability from a virtue ethics perspective. Sustainability is derived from the concept of carrying capacity, which has its origins in biology, and is a concept that denies the possibility of infinite resource consumption and economic development in the finite space of the Earth. Currently, this concept expresses the belief that social equity, economic growth, and environmental preservation can be achieved simultaneously, but it is creating a conflict between the economic growth paradigm and the eco-centric paradigm. In general, environmental virtue ethicists apply traditional virtues such as temperance, compassion, and mercy to the field of relationships between humans and the environment, and separate the traditional virtues and environmental virtues into different areas or categories. However, given that all areas interact directly and indirectly, they need to embrace holistic, ecological, and transformative approaches. And the virtue ethics approach understands sustainability as a concept related to prosperity, understands the basic relationship between humans and nature from the perspective of prosperity, and fosters the virtue of harmony with nature and the cultivation and practice of the virtue of sustainability. In particular, practical wisdom, a core concept of virtue ethics, is essential for judging new and complex issues related to sustainability. In this respect, the virtue ethics approach is very useful as a methodology for education toward sustainability.
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