조선 시대 差帖에 관한 연구 - 17세기 이후의 口傳에 관한 差帖을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study is about the characteristics of Chacheop which is used for appointment document in Joseon period. Chacheop (差帖), issued in the Joseon Dynasty by Ijo (吏曺), Byeong-jo (兵曺), Chunghunbu (忠勳府), and Chungikbu (忠翊府), is a letter of appointment that recorded the king's Gujeon (口傳), which was a simplified method of appointment that omitted bothersome procedures. Examining regulations stated in Jeonryultongbo (典律通補) and Yukjeonjorye (六典條例) as well as Chacheop (差帖) written in the Joseon Dynasty revealed that Chacheop (差帖) issued by Ijo (吏曺) was used when appointing unpaid officials of 7th grade to 9th grade. In addition, Byeong-jo (兵曺), Chunghunbu (忠勳府), and Chungikbu (忠翊府) issued Chacheop (差帖) when appointing unpaid officials (無祿官) or soldiers. The 'Chacheop form (差帖式)', stated in Jeonryultongbo (典律通補), is the successor to the 'Cheop form (帖式)' of Gyeonggukdaejeon (經國大典). However, detailed instructions on Gujeon (口傳) appointment were added. Daedu (擡頭) of characters was expressed by classifying into Pyong-hang (平行) or Jung-hang (中行), and the body of the document contained the king's Gujeon (口傳) date, name of the Seung-ji in charge, previous public servant, and new public servant. Although Chacheop (差帖) issued by Ijo (吏曺) is consistent with regulations of Jeonryultongbo (典律通補) and Yukjeonjorye (六典條例), Chacheop (差帖) issued by Byeong-jo (兵曺), Chunghunbu (忠翊府), and Chunghunbu (忠勳府) are not. The reason is that each issuance body had a different standard for the format. Although originally Chacheop (差帖) was approved by one Dangsanggwan (堂上官) and one Danghagwan (堂下官), since the early 18th century, it was done by one Dangsanggwan (堂上官) only. The Chacheop form described in Jeonryultongbo (典律通補) published in the late 18th century accommodated this change, adding a regulation called 'sign by one Dangsanggwan' (只一堂押).