임명 전령의 발급범위와 형식에 대한 연구

Abstract

Among official messages for appointment which generally have been defined as ‘governmental official's orders to his lower officials, administrators(面任), people, etc.’, some messages which someone, from chief administrators to the king, issued as the appointment letter can be easily found. This study intends to look into the extent and forms of issues on official messages for appointment by establishing these official messages based on when, from who, to whom, and in what form they had been issued. The oldest one was the message which in 1592(Seon-jo 25) an recruiting officers(招諭使) appointed a boss in righteous army(義兵長), and the latest one was what a captain in Chang-ui(倡義) appointed a do-cheong(都廳) in 1895, the year of the Ram. For this reason, we can find that messages for appointment had been issued throughout late Chosun Dynasty. Issuing bureaus included the king, the headquarters in central army and in local, etc., and levels of issuers widely contained the king, captains in the Five Armies(五軍營大將), inspectors(觀察使) and patrollers(巡察使), moderators in land forces and navy(兵馬․水軍節度使), vice-commanders(副使), defenders in troop(兵馬防禦使), supervisors in prefecture(縣監), an recruiting officers(招諭使), a boss in righteous army(義兵長), etc. The posts of nominators with these messages extensively ranged inner commanders and outer commanders in the Robust and Brave Troops(壯勇營內․外使) that regular second ranks(正二品) held concurrently, central troops(中軍) of following second ranks(從二品), byeol-jang(別將) and cheon-chong(千摠) of regular third ranks(正三品), pa-chong(把摠) of following fourth ranks(從四品), watchers(哨官) and various officers not included in official ranks. The forms of official messages were divided into the one issued by the king, and the other issued by the persons in charge of each troop. These two messages were little different on the declaration of issuer's posts and the writing methods of text. Between them, in the message which the king appointed the honorary general(別軍職) and the commander in the Robust and Brave Troops(壯勇營大將), the forms were prescribed in related documents, while in the message issued by the general troops had a certain forms, even though the forms were prescribed in the law code. Through these results, we can get a conclusion. First, official messages for appointment were used not to confer one's rank but only to appoint the office post. Next, the receivers' classes were different but such groups as persons with military power only could be issued. Last, except for the one issued by the king, the others had documental forms, though the law codes didn't tell any forms. In conclusion, we can find that the official message for appointment is the one kind of orders that had regular documental forms, were issued by the specific issuer with authority for issuing, and were issued to limited persons.