최근 민간항공 테러방지를 위한 국제민간항공조약의 동향에 관한 연구－베이징의정서(2010)와 헤이그협약(1970) 비교연구를 중심으로－

Abstract

As aviation industry had developed significantly, crime against aircraft also increased. Especially since hijacking of civil aviation has increased from early 1960s, Convention on offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft which is Tokyo Convention was adopted in 1963 but it was inadequate to cover hijacking problems. Since then, Convention for the suppression of unlaw seizure of aircraft, Hague Convention(1970), Convention for the suppression of unlawful act against the safety of civil aviation, Montreal Convention(1971),Protocol for the suppression of unlawful acts of violence at airports serving international civil aviation, supplementary to the convention for the suppression of unlawful act against the safety of civil aviation, Montreal Protocol(1988), Convention on the marking of plastic explosive for the purpose of detection(1991) were adopted one by one. Despite the efforts to prevent offences against civil aircraft, these conventions were not enough to cover new types of offence. As a result, diplomatic conference meeting was held from August 30 to September 10 in Beijing. They adopted two new treaties devoted to improving aviation security, Beijing Convention and Beijing Protocol. Beijjing Convention is amendment to Montreal Convention and Montreal Protocol and Beijing protocol is supplementary to the Hague Convention. This paper will focus on comparing with Beijing Protocol and The Hague Convention. There are two major point of Beijing Protocol. First, this protocol expands application of offence. In case of criminalize in accomplice. Second, this protocol clarify rules of extradition and liabilities that State Parties should follow. The Beijing Protocol will strengthen the existing international legal framework and facilitate the prosecution and extradition of those who seek to commit acts of terror.