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항공운송산업의 CSR 평가기준에 관한 연구

A Study on the CSR Evaluation Criteria in the Korean Air Transport Industry

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

한국의 항공운송산업 기업들은 저조했던 수준의 ESG(Environmental, Social & Governance) 경영과사회적 책임(CSR) 경영 활동을 점진적으로 개선 중이다. 하지만 에어프랑스-KLM 항공과 ANA 항공등 세계적인 항공기업들과 한국의 항공기업들 간 사회적 책임경영의 전략과 이행 수준은 상대적으로커 보인다. 한국의 항공기업들이 세계적 상위 수준과의 차이를 극복하기 위해서는 적극적인 개선 전략을 수립해야 한다. 한국 항공기업들이 사회적 책임(혹은 지속가능)경영 수준을 향상시키기 위해서는명확한 CSR 목표 설정과 정확한 현재 수준의 분석이 필요하다. 먼저 명확한 CSR 목표 설정을 위해서는 항공운송산업내 내부 및 외부 이해관계자들의 목소리(주요 관심사)에 귀 기울일 필요가 있다. 다음으로 정확하게 CSR 현 수준을 측정, 분석하여 목표와의 간극을 찾아낸 후 이를 극복하기 위한 이행전략의 수립과 실천이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 첫째, 한국의 항공운송산업 기업들이 객관적으로CSR 경영의 현 수준을 명확하게 파악할 수 있도록 국제적 기준에 부합하는 CSR 평가기준을 도출하여제시한다. 국내 항공운송산업에 적합하고 타당한 CSR 평가기준 도출을 위해서 GRI(Global Reporting Initiative) G4, DJSI(Dow Jones Sustainability Index), ICAO Global Priorities, IATA Main policy, 크루즈산업 CSR 평가지수 등을 참고하여 ‘한국 항공운송산업의 CSR 평가기준’을 도출하였다. 둘째, 항공기업들의 명확한 CSR 목표 설정과 실천 전략에 도움이 될 수 있도록 내부 및 외부 이해관계자들의 주요공통 관심사를 파악하여 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 적용한 연구방법은 다음과 같다. 먼저 CSR 평가기준에 있어 국제적 기준의 적합성을 확보하기 위해 국제적으로 공인된 GRI G4 지침 및 DJSI(지속가능성 평가지수)를 기초로 하였다. 여기에 추가로 ICAO, IATA의 주요 정책 및 크루즈산업의 CSR 평가지수를 반영하여 항공운송산업 CSR 평가기준의 ‘개념적 모델’을 정립하였다. 또한 다양한 요인들이 반영될 수 있는 균형 잡힌 TBL(Triple Bottom Line)차원의 기준 정립을 위해 CSR 평가기준의 ‘계층적 모델’을 정립하였다. 이 두 가지 모델의 방법론적 접근을 통해 TBL차원의 객관적이고 체계화된 CSR 평가기준을 도출하였다. 다음으로 항공운송산업내 CSR 주요 관심사를 파악하기 위해 다양한 내부 및 외부 이해관계자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 통한 실증 분석을 실시하였다. 내부 이해관계자는 항공사 및공항공사 재직자 등 이었고 외부 이해관계자는 항공 및 공항 협력사 직원, 지역사회 주민, 일반고객, 정부 및 공공기관 관계자 등으로 다양한 계층의 의견을 수렴하기 위해 노력하였다. 내부 및 외부 이해관계자들의 공통된 주요 관심사를 확인하기 위해 중요성 분석방법을 사용하였다. 중요성 분석방법은균형 잡힌 TBL 차원 즉 경제적, 환경적, 사회적 차원을 두루 확인하는 다차원적 의견조사 방법이다. 중요성 분석 결과, 경제적 차원에서는 ‘위험 및 위기관리’, ‘윤리강령 및 반부패 규율’이 주요 관심사로나타났다. 환경적 차원에서는 ‘폐기물 관리’가 주요 관심사로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 사회적 차원에서는 ‘산업안전보건 준수’가 주요 관심사로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 한국 항공운송산업을 평가할 만한적절한 CSR 평가기준이 부재한 상황에서 국내 최초로 의미 있는 ‘항공운송산업 CSR 평가기준’을 정립하여 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 항공운송산업내 이해관계자들의 공통된 주요 관심사를 확인함으로써 항공기업들의 CSR 목표 설정과 실천전략 수립에 공헌할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 CSR보고 관행의 정착을 유도하고 기업경영의 투명성을 높이는 한편, 국내 항공운송산업 전반에 지속가능 및 ESG 경영 확산에 기여하고자 한다.

Abstract

Korean air transport companies are gradually improving their low-level ESG(Environmental, Social & Governance) and CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility) management activities. However, the gap in the level of social responsibility management and implementation between world-class air transport companies such as Air France-KLM Airlines and ANA Airlines and Korean air transport companies seems to be relatively wide. In order for Korean air transport companies to overcome differences from the world’s top level, they must establish active improvement strategies. In order for Korean air transport companies to improve their level of social responsibility (or sustainability) management, obvious CSR Goals and accurate current level analysis are needed. First of all, it is necessary to listen to the voices (major concerns) of internal and external stakeholders in the air transport industry in order to establish clear CSR Goals. Next, it is necessary to accurately measure and analyze the current level of CSR to find gaps with the Goals and establish and implement implementation strategies to overcome them. Therefore, in this study, we firstly intend to derive and present CSR evaluation criteria that meet international standards so that Korean air transport industry companies can objectively identify the current level of CSR management. The CSR evaluation criteria of the Korean air transport industry was derived by referring to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4, Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), ICAO Global Priority, IATA Main policy, and Cruise industry CSR evaluation indices. Second, we identify and present common major concerns of internal and external stakeholders to help air transport companies set obvious CSR Goals and practice strategies. The research methods applied in this study are as follows. First, it was based on internationally recognized GRI G(Guidelines)4 and DJSI(Dow Jones Sustainability Index) to ensure the conformity of international standards in CSR evaluation criteria. In addition, a ‘conceptual model’ of the CSR evaluation criteria for the air transport industry is established, reflecting ICAO and IATA’s key policies and Cruise industry CSR evaluation indices. We also establish a ‘hierarchical model’ of CSR evaluation criteria to establish a balanced Triple Bottom Line (TBL) dimension that can reflect various factors. Through methodological approaches of these two models, we derive objective and structured CSR evaluation criteria in the TBL dimension. Next, empirical analysis was conducted through surveys of various internal and external stakeholders to identify CSR major concerns in the air transport industry. Internal stakeholders were airline and airports corporation workers etc. and external stakeholders were employees of airline and airport partners, community residents, general customers, government and public organizations, etc. Materiality Analysis methods were used to identify common major concerns among internal and external stakeholders. Materiality Analysis method is a multi-dimensional survey method that identifies balanced TBL dimensions, namely economic, environmental and social dimensions. As a result of Materiality Analysis, ‘risk and crisis management’ and ‘the code of ethics and anti-corruption discipline’ were the main concerns at the economic dimension. At the environmental dimension, ‘waste disposal’ has been identified as a major concern. Finally, at the social dimension, ‘industrial safety and health compliance’ was derived as a major concern. This study is meaningful in that it established and presented the first significant CSR evaluation criteria in Korea in the absence of appropriate CSR evaluation criteria to assess the Korean air transport industry. It is also believed that identifying common major concern of stakeholders in the air transport industry will contribute to the establishment of CSR Goals and implementation strategies for air transport companies. Ultimately, this study aims to induce CSR reporting practices, increase transparency in corporate management, and contribute to the spread of sustainability and ESG management throughout the domestic air transport industry.

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