생체인식 기술 기반 항공보안의 여객 수용에 관한 연구
A Study on the Passenger Acceptance of the Biometric Technology Based Airport Security
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초록
이 연구는 항공보안의 현황과 당면과제를 분석하고, 항공보안 강화 및 여객경험 개선의 동시 추진이 가능한 혁신적인 방법으로 생체인식 기술 기반 신분확인 방안을 제시하였다. 그리고 생체인식 기술에 대해 여객이 저항 없이 수용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 요인을 사회과학적 측면에서 분석하였다. 혁신기술의 수용 및 확산에 관한 이론 모형인 기술수용모델(TAM: Technology Acceptance Model)을 기반으로 연구모형을 구축하고, 수용 의사를 지각된 혜택과 지각된 위험 측면으로 나누어 분석하였다. 설문조사를 통한 연구결과 지각된 사용용이성과 지각된 유용성 모두 수용의사에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 잘못된 생체인식 결과로 입는 항공기 탑승 지연 등 성능적 위험과 생체인식 학습 소요시간과 같은 시간적 위험은 수용의사에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 여객이 생체인식기반 신분확인 서비스에 대해 느끼는 관여도는 지각된 유용성에, 친숙감은 지각된 사용용이성에 각각정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 생체인식 기술 신분확인 사용에 직면하여 느끼는 기술불안감은 성능적위험 및 시간적 위험에 고루 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 일련의 결과들은 생체인식 기술 기반 신분확인의 여객 수용이 지각된 유용성 및 사용용이성 제고와 기술불안감 및 성능적․시간적 위험의 완화로 촉진될 수 있음을 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study proposes an analysis of the condition and challenges of currently employed aviation security. In doing so we identified important measures of a technology-based biometric security system as an innovative way to simultaneously enhance aviation security while improving the passenger experience. Further, factors that would allow passengers to accept biometric technology while reducing their resistance to the technology were explored. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study developed a theoretical approach that explored acceptance of the technology through the lens of perceived benefits and perceived risks, whilst also looking into the diffusion of innovative technologies. The results showed that both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness had a positive effect on acceptance. Performance risks, such as delayed aircraft boarding, and temporal risk, such as biometric learning, were found to have a negative effect on the acceptance levels. Additionally, the involvement of passengers in biometric identification services was shown to have a positive effect on perceived usability and familiarity on perceived usability. Interestingly, people who felt a sense of technology anxiety upon using the biometric security were found to show a negative effect on performance and time risks. Overall, for passengers to truly accept biometric security technology, increasing the perceived usefulness and ease of use, while simultaneously reducing any technical anxiety are the key implications seen within this paper.
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