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혁신확산이론 기반 공항 바이오 인증 사용의도에 관한 연구* - 불안의 조절효과 -

A Study on the Intention to Use Airport Bio authentication Based on Innovation Diffusion Theory - Moderating Role of Anxiety -

김미영
한국항공경영학회 (Aviation Management Society Of Korea)|2023.04|한국항공경영학회지 (Journal of the Aviation Management Society of Korea)|제21권 제2호|pp. 41-62|DOI 10.30529/amsok.2023.21.2.003

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태도Attitude불안AnxietyPerceived Benefits혁신확산이론Innovation Diffusion TheoryReuse Intention재사용 의도지각된 혜택Perceived security지각된 보안공항 바이오 인증Airport Bio Authentication
주제분류경영학

초록

2030년에는 항공여행과 항공교통이 더 높은 수준으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 항공산업은 이러한 시대의 흐름에 맞춰 첨단기술을 이용한 스마트 공항 운영으로 항공수요 증가에 따른 공항혼잡도 개선 및 운영, 공항이용객의 편의 증진을 목표로 하고 있다. 첨단기술의 사용은 항공을 포함한 모든 산업에서 매우 중요하며 특히, 공항에서는 바이오 정보(손바닥, 지문) 등록을 통해 탑승수속 절차를 간소화하고 있다. 지속 가능한 공항 운영을 위해 승객 편의와 항공 보안을 모두 향상시키고 생체 인식과 같은 기술을 성공적으로 구현하기 위해서는 관련 시스템의 운영뿐만 아니라 이러한 기술을 사용하려는 승객의 사용의도를 파악하는 것도 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 공항의 바이오 인증 시스템을 사용한 승객의 지각된 혜택과 지각된 보안이 승객의 태도와 재사용 의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 한다. 더불어 태도와 재사용 의도 사이에서 개인의 생체정보를 등록하는 기술 사용에 관한 불안의 조절영향을 추가로 규명하여 선행연구와의 차별성에 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 2023년 1월 20일부터 1월 31일까지 바이오 인증 시스템 사용자를 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였고 총 338부를 수집하였다. 분석결과 지각된 혜택의 3가지 하위요인(상대적이익, 적합성, 시험가능성)은 태도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 태도는 재사용 의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 지각된 보안은 태도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 지각된 혜택과 태도 및 재사용 의도 간에 불안의 조절역할을 분석한 결과 태도와 재사용 의도 간의 관계에서만 불안이 조절역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 중 대립효과가 발생하였으며 이러한 결과는 불안이 강하면 강할수록 태도가 재사용 의도에 미치는 영향은 작아지고, 반대로 불안이 약하면 약할수록 태도가 재사용 의도에 미치는 영향은 커진다고 해석할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 바이오 인증 시스템을 지속적으로 사용하려는 승객의 의도를 높이는 방안을 강구해야 함을 시사한다. 또한, 바이오 인증 시스템 사용의 안전함이 승객의 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 중요하게 인식해야 하며 바이오 인증 시스템 기술사용에 대한 불안감을 낮출 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 할 것이다. 향후 연구에서는 공항 운영의 효율성과 항공보안을 함께 극대화하여 보다 지속가능한 공항 운영에 기여하기 위해 공항 전체에서 생체인식 기술을 구현하는 것에 대한 추가적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

Abstract

It is expected that air travel customers and air traffic volume will increase to a higher level in 2030. The aviation industry exhibits the objectives to not only improve the congested situation of airports due to increased aviation demand but also enhance the convenience of airport customers through the smart operation of airports using advanced technologies in keeping pace with the tendency of this era. The use of cutting-edge technology is very important in all industries, including aviation, and in particular, all boarding procedures are simplified at airports through the registration of bio-information (palm, fingerprint). In order to enhance both passenger convenience and aviation security for sustainable airport operations and to successfully implement technologies such as biometrics, it is very important to identify the intention of passengers to use these technologies as well as to operate the relevant systems. In that regard, this study intends to elucidate the impacts of the benefits and security perceived by passengers who have experience using the bio-authentication system of the airports within the country on their attitudes and intentions to reuse. In addition, this study also aims to contribute to highlighting the differentiation from previous studies by further investigating the moderating impacts of anxiety about the use of technology that registers individual biometric information between attitude and intention to reuse. To this end, this study conducted an online survey with users of bio-authentication systems from January 20 to January 31, 2023, and a total of 338 copies were collected. The results of the analysis revealed that the three sub-factors of perceived benefits (relative advantage, compatibility, and trialability) had a positive impact on attitude and the attitude had a positive impact on intention to reuse. Additionally, as a result of analyzing the moderating role of anxiety between perceived benefits and attitudes and intentions to reuse, anxiety played a moderating role only in the relationship between attitudes and intentions to reuse. Additionally, as a result of analyzing the moderating role of anxiety between perceived benefits, attitudes and intentions to reuse, anxiety played a moderating role only in the relationship between attitudes and intentions to reuse. Among the moderating effects, an oppositional effect occurred, and these results can be interpreted that the stronger the anxiety, the smaller the influence of attitude on intention to reuse, and the weaker the weaker anxiety, the greater the effect of attitude on intention to reuse. These results suggest that measures to increase the intention of passengers to continuously use the bio-authentication system should be sought. In addition, it is important to recognize that the safety of using the bio-authentication system has a positive effect on passengers' attitudes, and measures to reduce anxiety about the use of bio-authentication system technology should be sought. In future studies, additional research on the implementation of biometric technology throughout the airport should be conducted in order to contribute to more sustainable airport operation by maximizing the efficiency of airport operation and aviation security.

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