18세기 후반 靈巖 閱武亭 社布稧의 조직과 향촌사회

Abstract

This is a study on the scholar fraternity(Sapogye) organized by country gentlemen at Yeongam town(eupchi) in the late Chosun. Yeongam, research object of this study, has various material about the provincial society of county villages. The survey data of this study are the scholar fraternity documents owned by Youlmujung at Yeongam in the later 18th century. It allowed investigation into the scholar fraternity of Youlmujung at Yeongam like the background of its organization, its operation system, and its meaning from a country-social historical point of view. Noble families represented Yeongam in the late Chosun settled down in the suburbs at a short distance from the town. They organized Donggye fraternity on the basis of blood records and land ones and operated the village community. They participated in the activities of the country village positively like moving and building a Confucian temple, correcting village records, and correcting Samaje records and grew into powerful surname family. They, in addition, worked out their phase in the country village through building memorial halls and shrines, enhancement businesses for direct ancestors on the basis of their kinsfolk in the 17th century. However, the order of the provincial society of county villages had nothing but to do but change before and after the 18th century. On the other hand, it was in the later 18th century that new provincial power appeared centering around Yeongam town. They, country gentlemen, were usually called 'Kim, Ha, Cho'. They did not reveal remarkable activities in the society of Yeongam country village in the 17th and 18th century. However, it has been only confirmed the process that their descendants extended the territory of their activities from Yeongam town to its outskirts like Sinbukmyun, Keumjungmyun, Dopomyun, Samhomyun, and so on. Such residents in Yeongam town organised the scholar fraternity of Youlmujung in 1797. It composed its members centering around government offices of the town and prodigals in the suburbs. The organization purpose of the scholar fraternity of Youlmujung at Yeongam was externally 'for encouraging military arts because Yuongam area came under security place', but its natural one was for displaying the unity of country gentlemen in Yeongam town. In other words, provincial power centering around noble families in the suburbs and country gentlemen in the town coexisted in the society of Yeongam country village in the later 18th century. Noble families in the suburbs did their best to keep their vested rights in the country village on the basis of their kinsfolk, while country gentlemen in the country village founded the organization of the scholar fraternity of Youlmujung under the cloak of improvement of their military arts. In other words, the organization of the scholar fraternity of Youlmujung was the result of reflection of structural change of the society of Yeongam country village in the later 18th century.