강원도내 戶口 古文書의 현황과 특이 사례에 대한 검토

Abstract

Family register is a record that figures out the status of family and its members based on family unit. It was actually originated as part of census for the purpose of tax and labor collecting and of understanding the status of people from ancient up to Joseon. In the late Daehan Empire, it became an official document to record family members under one family head and its family register, and also to keep the relation of position. In Gangwon area, studies on ancient documents on census have begun recently with 1,594 resources from 24 repositories completed so far. There are several distinctive characteristics on census documents in Gangwon-do which are summarized as follows. First, as several researched mentioned that diverse types of family unit and sub family unit appear in documents according to time and region, family register documents in Gangwon-do show similar. In particular, there are some registers which are not clear if they are clearly family registers or subfamily registers. It demonstrates that one criteria to distinguish family register from subfamily register in the 18th century by differentiating "Yeon-seo"(連書) with Yeolseo(列書) is no longer applicable. Second is matters of "Hogujeonjun"(戶口傳準) only shown in Samcheok district, and "Cheop"(帖) "In(stamp)"(印) in Wonju district only. When it remarked <Samcheokbujeonjun> (三陟府傳準), it means this documents was approved in Samcheok district, which meant, in turn, Subfamily register(准戶口). Though it is usual to remark the issuing body's authorization at the end of documents, it is quite peculiar to stamp Jeom(帖) in 19th century register found in Wonju. As some have Jeomand some are not made in the similar period, it is amatteroffurtherreview the existence of 'Jeom'(帖) stamp has different character and procedure of family register documents. Third is a matter of accuracy and forgery of family register documents. Some documents have no official seal(官印), signature (手決), pressed stamp(着押), or Juhyeopgaein(周挾改印). No studies have been made on to figure out it if it is forged or simply peculiar case. But, it is necessary to speculate these incomplete documents as there were many forgery(僞造) or imitation (冒錄) of family register in relation to exemption of labor service (免役), application of national examination, conferment of elderly position and verification of genealogy. Types of stamp are also problematic. Family register used to use official stamp(官印), Juhyeonggaejain(周挾改字印), Gakap(刻押) and Hogusangjunin(戶口相準印). Besides, stamps with names of region or “Jeom”(帖) stamp were also sued. It is conjectured either it was because diverse types were used or it was because they were forged. And customarily practice not to keep children or daughter in the register is also shown in the documents in Gangwon-do. There are some spelling errors, but some have serious defects in accuracy or reliability.