재무분석가의 활동과 발생액 질의 관련성
The Relation Between Financial Analysts' Forecasting and Accruals Quality
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초록
본 연구는 재무분석가의 활동과 발생액의 질 사이의 관계 규명에 초점을 두었다. 즉, 기업의 다양한 회계선택의 결과를 반영하는 재무분석가들의 분석활동이 기업에의 압력으로 작용함으로서 경영자의 재량적 행위를 제한하는 요인이 될 수 있으며, 재무분석가들이 단순히 기업의 정보를 수집․ 분석하여 투자자들에게 전달하는 정보중개인으로서의 역할뿐만 아니라, 분석기업의 외부감시자 및 기업내부경영진에 대한 통제자로서의 역할을 하고 있는지 검토하고자 하였다. 검증결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 발생액의 대용치를 종속변수로 재무분석가들의 활동(예측치 수)를 독립수로 하여 분석한 결과에서는 에서 까지 모두 재무분석가의 활동이 많은 기업일수록 발생액의 질이 높게 나타났고, 연립방정식의 편의제거를 목적으로 한 2SLS분석의 계수값이 OLS에 비해 약간 높은 수준임을 제외하면 거의 유사한 패턴을 보이고 있어, 재무 분석가들의 활동이 많을수록 발생액의 질이 높은 것으로 판명되었다. 둘째, 표본을 이익기업과 손실기업으로 분류하여 재무분석가들의 활동과 발생액의 질 간의 관계를 분석한 결과에서 이익기업의 경우 5%의 음(-)의 유의 수준을 보인다. 그러나 손실기업의 경우 유의한 값을 보이지 않고 있어 재무분석가들이 이익기업의 분석에 치중하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과들을 종합해보면, 재무분석가들은 발생액의 질을 구분하는 능력이 있으며, 이익예측시 이를 반영할 뿐 아니라 재무분석가들의 활동이 기업에의 압력으로 작용하여 발생액의 질을 개선하는데 공헌하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 단순히 기업의 정보를 수집․ 분석하여 투자자들에게 전달하는 정보중개인에 더해 적극적인 분석활동 및 감시기능을 수행하고 있는 효과적인 외부주체로서의 재무분석가의 역할에 무게를 둘 수 있게 한다.
Abstract
This paper examines the relation between analysts' forecasting and quality of accruals. Analysts's forecasts, which reflect the result of various accounting selections, can be a reason that restrict the discretional behavior of manager. So in this paper, that analysts do not only play a role on information collection, analysis and then transferring to investors, but also serve as external monitors is tested. A sample of Fn-data Guide and KIS-FAS, for a period of six year from 2000 to 2005 is selected. Results are summered as follow. Frist, in the regression model, which quality of various accruals is used as dependent variable and analysts' forecast as independent variables, it is founded the more the analyst's forecasting, the higher the quality of accruals. Second, in the analysis that gain firm and loss firm are divided, results are as follow. In the situation of gain firm, analysts' forecast and quality of accrual is highly significantly related. However, in the situation of loss firm, the significant relation between analysts' forecast and quality of accrual is lower than the total firm, This can be explained by attaching weight when gain firms are analysed. In summary, analysts' forecast can improve the quality of accrual and the improvement of quality of accrual caused by the analysts' forecast influences firm value. So financial analysts who collect, analyze and transfer firm information, also function as external monitoring.
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