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애널리스트의 기업경영 모니터링 역할에 관한 연구

An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Analyst Coverage and Earnings Management

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 외환위기와 글로벌 금융위기 등을 겪으면서 국내외 자본시장에서 주요 이슈가 된 재무 및 회계정보의 질과 관련하여 기업의 이익관리(earnings management)와 애널리스트 역할간의 관계를분석하였다. 2003~2009년 연구기간에 있어 국내기업들의 이익관리를 측정하기 위한 대용변수로서 재량적발생액(discretionary accruals)을 종속변수로, 해당 기업에 대한 분석보고서를 작성한 애널리스트의 수 등을 주요 설명변수로 채택하였다. 최근 들어 국내에서 기업에 대한 주요 정보제공자로서 활동하고 있는 애널리스트들이 모니터링 역할도 하는지를 분석한 바, 특히 경영자의 이익관리 행태에 영향을 미치는지를 중점적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 이익관리의 대용변수로서 재량적발생액과 총발생액 모두 애널리스트 커버리지, 즉 기업을 분석하는 애널리스트의 수와 음(-)의 관계를 나타내서 애널리스트 커버리지가 많은 기업일수록 경영자의 이익관리 행태가 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째,애널리스트의 보고서 수 및 애널리스트 1인당 평균 보고서로 측정한 애널리스트 커버리지의 경우에도 이들발생액과 음(-)의 관계를 보여 이익관리 행태를 줄이는 경향이 있었다. 셋째, 발생액의 절대값으로 측정한이익관리의 가능성 내지 이익 예측력은 기업지배구조 지수와 음(-)의 관계를 나타내서 지배구조가 우수한기업일수록 이익관리가 적고 이익의 예측력도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 이익관리 행태의 변화와 애널리스트 커버리지의 변화 간에는 음(-)의 관계가 나타나서 애널리스트 수, 보고서 수가 증가할수록 경영자는 이에 대해 민감하게 반응하여 이익관리를 줄이는 유인을 가지는 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 더 많은 애널리스트들이 기업을 분석함으로써 경영자의 자의적인 이익관리 행태를 줄일 수 있는 것으로 실증되었으며,결국 애널리스트는 경영자에 대한 모니터링 역할을 수행하는 것으로 평가된다.

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between earnings management and analyst coverage for the Korean firms, reflecting the issue of financial and accounting information quality raised during the Asian and global financial crises. During the study period from 2003 and 2009, we measured the dependent variable, i.e., earnings management by the size of discretionary accruals, and both the number of analysts following a firm and the number of analyst reports are used as the proxy for analyst coverage. We also include firm-specific control variables such as financial leverage, growth potential and profitability. We hypothesize that analyst coverage will reduce managers' behavior of earnings management. We found the following interesting empirical results. First, discretionary accruals and total accruals are significantly and negatively related to analyst coverage. So, when more analysts follow a firm, the manager's earnings management behavior is reduced. Second, there are more reports published by analysts,the behavior is also reduced. Third, the absolute value of accruals, a proxy for the possibility of earnings management and earnings forecasting accuracy, is negatively related to the corporate governance index, implying that firms with better corporate governance system has less earnings management. Fourth, the changes in analyst coverage have a negative relation with those in accruals,and therefore managers has less incentive to manage earnings when more analyst cover firms over time. Firm-specific factors are also related to earnings management. Debt ratios are positively related to the absolute value of discretionary accruals. So when managers expect a default, they seem to think about earnings management. Firms’ growth potential and profitability also have a positive relation with accruals. However, firm size is negatively associated with accruals, implying that larger firms may have additional monitoring mechanisms. In conclusion, Korean domestic analysts seem to play a vital role of management monitoring in the Korean capital market. Therefore, it is suggested that analysts should develop their expertise and more analysts should follow and monitor firms in order to enhance Korean firms’ governance structure in the future.

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