손상차손의 인식이 기업특성과 재량발생액에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Asset Impairment Recognition on Firm Characteristics and Discretionary Accruals
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2011년부터 적용되는 한국채택국제회계기준(K-IFRS)에서 기업의 손상차손회계는 기존의 기업회계기준과 손상차손인식에 있어서 많은 차이를 보이게 된다. 즉 자산의 공정가치 평가를 통해서 손상차손을 인식하도록 규정함으로써, 기업의 손상차손 인식에 많은 변화가 예상된다. 또한 공정가치 평가에 의해 손상차손을 인식하면 경영자의 재량성이 개입될 가능성이 높아지므로 기업회계기준에 따른 손상차손의 인식에 대한 정확한 분석이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 기업회계기준에서의 손상차손의 인식이 기업특성과 재량발생액에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 실증분석결과 손상차손이 당기순이익과 총자산에서 차지하고 있는 비율은 20.7%와 1.7%를 나타냈다. 기업특성에 따른 분석에서 손상차손을 인식한 기업의 부채비율은 높고, 자기자본비율과 총자산이익률은 낮았으며, 흑자기업 보다 적자기업에서 손상차손을 많이 인식하였다. 전기순이익과 당기순이익 변화에 따른 손상차손 인식은 전기순이익과 당기순이익이 모두 음(-)인 기업에서 가장 컸으며, 전기순이익 보다 당기순이익이 음인 기업에서 손상차손을 보다 많이 인식하였다. 마지막으로 손상차손 인식이 재량발생액에 미치는 영향에서 재량발생액은 손상차손을 인식한 기업에서 보다 높았으며, 전기보다 당기에 손상차손을 인식한 기업의 재량발생액이 보다 높았다. 결론적으로 손상차손의 인식은 기업의 이익에 따라 많은 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
Asset impairment accounting of Korean International Financial Reporting Standards(K-IFRS) which was adopted from year 2011 shows much difference in asset impairment recognition from previous Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in Korea(K-GAAP). In other words, by stipulating that asset impairment shall be recognized by fair value fair value measurement of the assets, much change is expected in firm's asset impairment recognition behavior. Also, as asset impairment recognition by fair value measurement increases the possible intervention of management's discretions, accurate analysis is required on asset impairment recognition in accordance with K-GAAP. Henceforth, this study analyzes the effect of asset impairment recognition on firm's characteristics and Discretionary Accruals in K-GAAP. By empirical analysis, the weight of asset impairment in net income and total asset appeared as 20.7% and 1.7% respectively. From the analysis on firms characteristics, the firms that recognized asset impairment had higher debt ratio and capital adequacy ratio and return on assets, and more negative earning firms recognized asset impairment than positive earnings ones. According to net income change between previous year and current year, recognized impairments were biggest at firms with negative earning during both previous and current year. And more asset impairment were recognized by negative earning firms in current year rather than in previous year. Last, analyzing on the influence of asset impairment on discretionary accruals, discretionary accruals were rather higher at firms that recognized asset impairment. And firms that recognized impairment loss during current year rather than previous year showed higher discretionary accruals. In conclusion, it was found that recognition of asset impairment is heavily influenced by firm's earning level.
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