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우크라이나의 전략적 내러티브: 민주적 가치와 정체성 공유를 중심으로

Strategic narrative in Ukraine: Focusing on sharing democratic values and identity

박상혁|정준아
방위사업연구소 (Institute of Defense Acquisition Program)|2024.08|선진국방연구 (Journal of Advances in Military Studies)|제7권 제2호|pp. 1-28|DOI https://doi.org/10.37944/jams.v7i2.254

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키워드

Russo-Ukrainian war민주적 가치러시아⋅우크라이나 전쟁전략적 내러티브민주적 정체성strategic narrativedemocratic valuesdemocratic identity

초록

본 연구의 목적은 2022년 발발한 러시아⋅우크라이나 전쟁에서 우크라이나가 국제사회의 지지와 지원을 통해 러시아의 공격에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있었던 요인으로 내러티브(narrative)의 전략적 활용을 분석하는 것이다. 특히, 내러티브의 핵심 메시지로서 ‘민주적 가치와 정체성’에 주목하여 우크라이나의 내러티브가 형성되고, 국제사회의 행위자가 이를 수용 및 연대하는 과정을 탐구한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 전략적 내러티브에 관한 기존 논의를 바탕으로 내러티브의 형성과 행위자의 수용, 연대의 과정을 이론적으로 고찰한다. 또한, ‘민주적 가치와 정체성’이라는 메시지가 왜 중요한지, 그리고 어떤 과정을 통해 행위자에게 효과적으로 전달되는지 분석의 틀을 제시하여 우크라이나의 전략적 내러티브를 분석한다. 이번 전쟁에서 우크라이나는 ‘민주적 가치와 정체성’을 소재로 전략적 내러티브를 투사하여 국가 및 비국가 행위자의 연대를 유도하고 러시아와의 장기전을 이어가고 있다. 국가 행위자들은 군사적, 경제적, 인도적 지원을 통해 우크라이나의 전쟁 수행을 뒷받침하고 있으며 개인, 단체, 기업, 국제기구 등 비국가 행위자들은 소셜 미디어를 통한 내러티브 재생산, 사이버 공간에서의 대리전 수행, 인터넷 서비스 제공 및 원조, 그리고 국제규범을 통한 전략적 환경 조성 등을 통해 우크라이나를 지원하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 내러티브가 비군사적 수단(Means)의 한 방법(Ways)으로서 국가의 목표(Ends) 달성을 위해 전략적으로 구성되고 활용될 수 있음을 시사점으로 제시하고 있다.

Abstract

This study analyzes the strategic use of narratives as a crucial factor that enabled Ukraine to effectively counter Russia’s aggression during the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War, supported by the international community. The research focuses on the central theme of “democratic values and identity” within Ukraine’s narrative, exploring how this narrative was crafted and how it garnered acceptance and backing from international actors. Building on existing discussions on strategic narratives, this study theoretically examines the processes of narrative formation, acceptance by actors, and the building of solidarity. Furthermore, it presents an analytical framework to explain the significance of the “democratic values and identity” message, and how it is effectively conveyed to various actors. In the current conflict, Ukraine has projected a strategic narrative centered on “democratic values and identity,” which has reinforced solidarity among both state and non-state actors, enabling a sustained conflict with Russia. State actors have supported Ukraine’s war efforts through military, economic, and humanitarian aid, while non-state actors, including individuals, organizations, corporations, and international institutions, have contributed by amplifying narratives on social media, engaging in proxy warfare in cyberspace, providing internet services and aid, and shaping the strategic environment through international norms. This study suggests that narratives can be strategically constructed and utilized as non-military means to achieve national objectives.

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