고려시대 장인(匠人)의 지위와 사기장 심룡(沈竜)

Abstract

In recent studies, it has been found that the artisans in the factories of the Goryeo Dynasty need to be categorized as artisans in the handicraft industries of each government office in the central and outer regions (local areas), and through the handicrafts produced by the artisans, their production activities and hierarchical organization, and further, the process of artisans’ departure from the central government and the diffusion of technology, and the response of the Goryeo government to a certain extent in the process of the dissolution of the small production system and the changes in the county and district system, have been elucidated. Epigraphic materials have important historical value no less than literary sources. For example, among the inscriptions written on roof tiles and porcelain, the hanji, government offices, and place names serve as absolute standards for the chronology of the production of the product and provide information on the exact production location. In addition, they contain a lot of information such as the status and name of the producer and consumer, the purpose of use such as the reason for ordering, distribution channels, and consumption patterns. Therefore, the artisans of the Goryeo celadon inscriptions have also been noted from early on, and research on them has also been organized to some extent. However, there seems to be much that needs to be elucidated in the transition process from celadon to white porcelain. The change from celadon to white porcelain means that the 胎土 changed from earth [高嶺土] to stone [石, 白土]. From the perspective of the history of ceramics, it can be said that it was a major change because the materials and techniques, including the clay, glaze, and firing method, changed completely. This change occurred during the transition from the Goryeo Dynasty to the Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, in order to discuss the creation of white porcelain in the Joseon Dynasty, we must find out why the color and material of the vessels changed between dynasties. This is also a prerequisite for the creation of Joseon white porcelain. In particular, when comparing the usage of 陶瓷 and 沙器 (砂器), the question still remains as to whether they are the same name or different methods. In particular, the usage of 墓土 first appears in the late Goryeo Dynasty (the reign of King Chunghye), and it was a term used together with 皿 until the early Joseon Dynasty. In addition, in relation to this, porcelain workshops, pottery workshops, and sand workshops also appear differently in the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. Therefore, in this process, it can be assumed that the raw materials of the Yanggu region were historically quite excellent, even as the white soil of Yanggu was constantly mentioned in various historical sources as its own production site and raw material production site. As a result, it became a production site for white porcelain early on, and also a supplier of raw materials to branches in Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do. In the end, Yanggu white porcelain and saggy market Shimryong mean the emergence of a saggy market with new technology and the origin of the Joseon white porcelain.