금연 캠페인의 사회적 낙인 효과 연구: 흡연자의 인구사회학적 특성 및 행위변화단계에 따른 조절효과
Effects of Stigmatization in Anti-Smoking Campaigns : The Moderating Role of Smokers’ Demographic Characteristics and Stages of Change
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초록
본 연구는 정부 주도의 흡연규제 정책을 통해 적극적으로 실행되고 있는 흡연의 ‘비주류화’ 전략을 낙인(stigma)의 관점에서 논의하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 흡연자에대한 낙인찍기를 전략으로 하는 금연 캠페인을 주시하고, 그러한 낙인의 효과가 흡연자의 인구사회학적 특성 및 행위변화단계에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 성인 남녀 흡연자 163명이 온라인 설문에 참여하였고, 흡연자들의 사회적 낙인 인식은 흡연자의소득 및 행위변화단계와 상호작용하여 금연행동 의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 먼저 소득은 사회적 낙인이 금연상담전화이용 의도에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 것으로 나타났는데, 고소득 집단의 경우 사회적 낙인을 크게 인식할수록 더 높은 금연상담전화이용 의도를 보인 데에 반해, 저소득 집단의 경우 사회적 낙인의 효과가 유의하지 않았다. 행위변화단계와 관련하여, 금연에 대한 동기가 전혀 없는 계획전단계의 경우, 사회적 낙인을 크게 인식한다 하더라도 이것이 금연 의도 및 금연상담전화이용 의도와 같은 건강개선행위로 이어지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 공중 세분화의 관점에서 흡연자 낙인의 부정적 효과를 검증하고, 보다 효과적인 금연 캠페인을 위한 전략적함의를 제안하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of anti-smoking campaign promoting smoker-related stigma. We investigated whether stigmatization is effective in curbing smoking and more importantly, smokers’ demographic characteristics and stages of change moderate stigma effects. A total of 163 adult smokers participated in the online survey. Results revealed significant interaction effects of income and stages of change on cessation intentions. The significant interaction effect between perceived stigma and income indicated that the perceived stigma led the high-income smokers to show higher intentions for using cessation hotline, while it did not for the low-income smokers. Regarding stages of change, pre-contemplators did not show enhanced cessation intentions with heightened stigma, while the rest of the smokers demonstrated significantly increased cessation intentions with heightened stigma. Based on the results, side effect of smoking stigma and communication strategies in terms of target segmentation were discussed.
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