흡연 경고 광고와 비흡연 혜택 광고의 대비가 비흡연 의도에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Contrast between Smoke Warning Advertisement and Non-Smoking Benefit Advertisement on Non-Smoking Intention
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 흡연 경고만 제시하는 금연 캠페인 광고보다 흡연 경고와 비흡연 혜택을 함께 제시하는 금연 캠페인 광고가 사람들의 비흡연 의도를 더 높이는지, 손실을 더 크게 지각하게 만드는지, 광고 메시지를 나와 더 관련 있다고 지각하게 하는지, 광고를 더 신뢰하게 만드는지, 흡연자에 대한 혐오를 감소시키는지 확인하기 위해 이루어졌다. 이를 확인하기 위한 실험 1은 흡연 경고만 제시하는 금연 캠페인 광고보다 흡연 경고와 비흡연 혜택이 함께 있는 광고가 사람들의 비흡연 의도를 전반적으로 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 흡연 경고만 있는 광고는 비흡연자의 손실 지각, 광고의 관련성 지각, 광고의 신뢰도 지각은 높이고, 흡연자의 손실지각, 광고의 관련성 지각, 광고의 신뢰도 지각은 낮추는 상호작용이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 게다가 흡연 경고는 비흡연자의 흡연자 혐오를 증가시키는 부수적 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 2는 실험 1을 확장하면서 흡연 경고와 비흡연 혜택을 어떤 순서로 제시하는 것이 비흡연 의도 증진, 손실 지각, 광고의 관련성 지각에 효과적인지 확인해보았다. 결과적으로 흡연자의 경우에는 흡연 경고를 먼저 제시한 후, 비흡연 혜택을 제시하는 것이 비흡연 의도를 증진시킨 반면, 비흡연자의 경우에는 비흡연 혜택을 먼저 제시한 후, 흡연 경고를 제시하는 것이 비흡연 의도 증진에 효과적임을 관찰하였다. 본 연구는 금연 캠페인 홍보물 제작, 금연학교 교육, 흡연자와 비흡연자의 갈등 요인 제거 등에 시사점을 준다.
Abstract
The present study was conducted to confirm whether anti-smoking advertising campaigns showing smoking warnings and non-smoking benefits together increased non-smoking intentions, perceived loss, perceived advertisements’ relevance, perceived trust in advertisements, and decreased aversion to smokers compared to those showing smoking warnings only. Experiment 1 confirmed that advertisements showing smoking warnings and non-smoking benefits together increased participants’ non-smoking intentions overall compared to those showing smoking warnings only. Furthermore, this author also confirmed that advertisements with only smoking warnings increased non-smokers’ perceptions of loss, advertising relevance, and trust in advertisements, while decreasing smokers’ perceptions of loss, advertisements’ relevance, and trust in advertisements. In addition, the present study confirmed that smoking warnings had the additional effect of increasing non-smokers’ aversion to smokers. Experiment 2 expanded Experiment 1 and examined in what order smoking warnings and non-smoking benefits should be shown to be effective in enhancing non-smoking intention, loss perception, and advertising relevance. Consequently, this author observed that while showing smoking warnings first and non-smoking benefits later increased smokers’ non-smoking intentions. The present study has implications for anti-smoking campaign materials, anti-smoking education in school, and causes of conflict between smokers and non-smokers.
참고문헌 (68)
- 김세훈, "신제품 담배 광고 방식이 경고그림 인식에 미치는 영향", 디지털융복합연구, 16(10), pp.281~288 (2018), 한국디지털정책학회[DOI]
- 김은수, "청소년의 담뱃갑 경고그림 지각 관련 요인에 대한 탐색적 연구", 보건사회연구, 37(3), pp.568~590 (2017), 한국보건사회연구원[DOI]
- 김영욱, "공포 소구 및 흡연에 대한 감정이 금연 행동 의도에 미치는 영향 효능감과 낙인 인식의 조절 및 매개 효과 중심", 한국광고홍보학보, 20(1), pp.250~290 (2018), 한국광고홍보학회[DOI]
- 김윤희, "녹내장 질병비용 연구를 통해 살펴본 질병비용 산출 쟁점", 보건경제와 정책연구, 25(3), pp.1~19 (2019), 한국보건경제정책학회
- 김지은, "담뱃갑 흡연경고문에 대한 청소년의 신뢰성에 관한 연구", 광고문화론집, 1(1), pp.33~65 (1996)
- 김현숙, "흡연 대학생의 담뱃갑 금연 경고문구와 그림경고문에 대한 평가", Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 25(6), pp.469~474 (2004), 대한가정의학회
- 박준우, "담뱃갑 경고그림 효과에 대한 정서 및 인지의 역할: 흡연자와 비흡연자의 비교", 광고학연구, 27(7), pp.7~30 (2016), 한국광고학회
- 박지현, "미국과 호주의 청소년 금연 정책과 프로그램에 대한 고찰", 한국웰니스학회지, 14(2), pp.123~135 (2019), 한국웰니스학회[DOI]
- 박하나, "담뱃갑경고그림이 대학생 흡연자의 주의편향과 주의편향 수정훈련에 미치는 영향", 보건사회연구, 39(1), pp.259~292 (2019), 한국보건사회연구원[DOI]
- 엄남현, "흡연자와 비흡연자 남녀 대학생 비교: 국내외 담배 경고그림 비교를 중심으로", 광고PR실학연구, 10(3), pp.196~216 (2017), 한국광고PR실학회[DOI]
- 이선민, "담뱃갑 경고 그림의 금연효과에관한 종단연구", 광고학연구, 29(7), pp.75~94 (2018), 한국광고학회[DOI]
- 전승우, "담뱃갑 경고그림이 금연태도와 금연의도에 미치는 영향: 대처양식(coping styles)의 조절 효과의 남녀 차이", 한국심리학회지: 소비자·광고, 17(3), pp.591~613 (2016), 한국소비자·광고심리학회[DOI]
- 전재호, "우리나라 금연 정책의 동태적 분석과 개선방안 연구: 가격, 교육, 상담 및 치료 정책을 중심으로", 한국시스템다이내믹스연구, 20(1), pp.29~58 (2019), 한국시스템다이내믹스학회[DOI]
- 정금지, "한국인 성인 남녀의 흡연관련 사망에 관한 연구", 보건정보통계학회지, 38(2), pp.36~48 (2013), 한국보건정보통계학회
- 지선하, "우리나라 흡연율 변화추이와 흡연의 사회적비용", 보건복지포럼, 7, pp.16~24 (2003)
- 최은진, "세계보건기구 FCTC 추진에 따른 간접흡연 규제 정책 동향", 보건복지포럼, 275, pp.60~74 (2019)
- Arkes, Hal R., "The Psychology of Sunk Cost", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(1), pp.124~140 (1985)
- Arkes, Hal R., "The Sunk Cost and Concorde Effects: Are Humans Less Rational than Lower Animals?", Psychological Bulletin, 125(5), pp.591~600 (1999)
- Baumeister, Roy F., "Bad Is Stronger than Good", Review of General Psychology, 5(4), pp.323~370 (2001)
- Blackford, Jennifer Urbano, "A Unique Role for the Human Amygdala in Novelty Detection", Neuroimage, 50(3), pp.1188~1193 (2010)
- Bradley, Margaret M., "Emotion, Novelty, and the Startle Reflex: Habituation in Humans", Behavioral Neuroscience, 107(6), pp.970~980 (1993)
- Bohner, Gerd, "When Small Means Comfortable: Relations between Product Attributes in Two-Sided Advertising", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(4), pp.454~463 (2003)
- Borg, Charmaine, "Is Disgust Sensitive to Classical Conditioning as Indexed by Facial Electromyography and Behavioural Responses?", Cognition and Emotion, 30(4), pp.669~686 (2016)
- Butler, Robert A., "Effect of Changes in Stimulus Frequency and Intensity on Habituation of the Human Vertex Potential", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 44(4), pp.945~950 (1968)
- Clarke, John H., "Cigarette Smoking and External Locus of Control among Young Adolescents", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23(3), pp.253~259 (1982)
- Combs, David J. Y., "Politicians and Trustworthiness: Acting Contrary to Self-Interest Enhances Trustworthiness", Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), pp.328~339 (2010)
- David, Bieke, "The Effect of Disgust Conditioning and Disgust Sensitivity on Appraisals of Moral Transgressions", Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), pp.1142~1146 (2011)
- de Hoog, Natascha, "The Processing of Fear Arousing Communications: How Biased Processing Leads to Persuasion", Social Influence, 3(2), pp.84~113 (2008)
- De Pelsmacker, Patrick, "Media Context and Advertising Effectiveness: The Role of Context Appreciation and Context", Ad Similarity, 2002, pp.31(2), 49~61
- Dolnik, Lara, "Stealing Thunder as a Courtroom Tactic Revisited: Processes and Boundaries", Law and Human Behavior, 27(3), pp.267~287 (2003)
- Fang, Xiang, "An Examination of Different Explanations for the Mere Exposure Effect", Journal of Consumer Research, 34(1), pp.97~103 (2007)
- Farrimond, Hannah R., "Pollution, Peril and Poverty: A British Study of the Stigmatization of Smokers", Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 16(6), pp.481~491 (2006)
- Feinberg, Matthew, "Apocalypse Soon? Dire Messages Reduce Belief in Global Warming by Contradicting Just-World Beliefs", Psychological Science, 22(1), pp.34~38 (2011)
- Fennis, Bob M., "Softening the Blow: Company Self-Disclosure of Negative Information Lessens Damaging Effects on Consumer Judgment and Decision Making", Journal of Business Ethics, 120(1), pp.109~120 (2014)
- Grant, Adam M., "A Little Thanks Goes a Long Way: Explaining Why Gratitude Expressions Motivate Prosocial Behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(6), pp.946~955 (2010)
- Groves, Philip M., "Habituation: A Dual-Process Theory", Psychological Review, 77(5), pp.419~450 (1970)
- Hammond, David, "Graphic Canadian Cigarette Warning Labels and Adverse Outcomes: Evidence from Canadian Smokers", American Journal of Public Health, 94(8), pp.1442~1445 (2004)
- Homer, Pamela Miles, "Product Placements: The Impact of Placement Type and Repetition on Attitude", Journal of Advertising, 38(3), pp.21~32 (2009)
- Kahneman, Daniel, "Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), pp.193~206 (1991)
- Kahneman, Daniel, "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk", Econometrica, 47(2), pp.263~292 (1979)
- Kavanoor, Sukumar, "Ads Promoting OTC Medications: The Effect of Ad Format and Credibility on Beliefs, Attitudes, and Purchase Intentions", Journal of Business Research, 40(3), pp.219~227 (1997)
- Knight, Robert T., "Contribution of Human Hippocampal Region to Novelty Detection", Nature, 383(6597), pp.256~259 (1996)
- Law, Sharmistha, "I'll Have What She's Having: Gauging the Impact of Product Placements on Viewers", Psychology & Marketing, 17(12), pp.1059~1075 (2000)
- Leahy, Robert L., "Sunk Costs and Resistance to Change", Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 14(4), pp.355~371 (2000)
- Lin, Patrick N., "Evaluation of Graphic Cigarette Warning Images on Cravings to Smoke", Journal of Smoking Cessation, 6(2), pp.85~88 (2011)
- McVey, Dominic, "Can Anti-Smoking Television Advertising Affect Smoking Behaviour? Controlled Trial of the Health Education Authority for England's Anti-Smoking TV Campaign", Tobacco Control, 9(3), pp.273~282 (2000)
- Maier, Steven F., "Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105(1), pp.3~46 (1976)
- Malouff, John M., "Effects on Smokers of Exposure to Graphic Warning Images", The American Journal on Addictions, 21(6), pp.555~557 (2012)
- Mann, Thomas C., "Can We Undo Our First Impressions? The Role of Reinterpretation in Reversing Implicit Evaluations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(6), pp.823~849 (2015)
- Mann, Thomas C., "Social-Psychological Evidence for the Effective Updating of Implicit Attitudes", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, (38), pp.e15~e15 (2015)
- Messerlian, Carmen, "Evaluating the Role of Social Marketing Campaigns to Prevent Youth Gambling Problems", Canadian Journal of Public Health, 98(2), pp.101~104 (2007)
- Muñoz, M. A., "The Emotional Impact of European Tobacco-Warning Images", Tobacco Control, 22(2), pp.123~129 (2013)
- Nestler, Steffen, "When Scary Messages Backfire: Influence of Dispositional Cognitive Avoidance on the Effectiveness of Threat Communications", Journal of Research in Personality, 44(1), pp.137~141 (2010)
- Netser, Shai, "Stimulus-Specific Adaptation: Can It Be a Neural Correlate of Behavioral Habituation?", Journal of Neuroscience, 31(49), pp.17811~17820 (2011)
- Ravaja, Niklas, "Contributions of Psychophysiology to Media Research: Review and Recommendations", Media Psychology, 6(2), pp.193~235 (2004)
- Reinhard, Marc-André, "Less Is Sometimes More: How Repetition of an Antismoking Advertisement Affects Attitudes toward Smoking and Source Credibility", Social Influence, 9(2), pp.116~132 (2014)
- Rooke, Sally, "Effects of Repeated Exposure to a Graphic Smoking Warning Image", Current Psychology, 31(3), pp.282~290 (2012)
- Rothman, Alexander J., "Shaping Perceptions to Motivate Healthy Behavior: The Role of Message Framing", Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), pp.3~19 (1997)
- Rozin, Paul, "Hedonic "Adaptation": Specific Habituation to Disgust", Death Elicitors as a Result of Dissecting a Cadaver, 2008, pp.3(2), 191~194
- Sopori, Mohan, "Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Immune System", Nature Reviews Immunology, 2(5), pp.372~377 (2002)
- Strasser, Andrew A., "Graphic Warning Labels in Cigarette Advertisements: Recall and Viewing Patterns", American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43(1), pp.41~47 (2012)
- Uskul, Ayse K., "The Cultural Congruency Effect: Culture, Regulatory Focus, and the Effectiveness of Gain-vs. Loss-Framed Health Messages", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(3), pp.535~541 (2009)
- Wang, An Li, "Emotional Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels Reduce the Electrophysiological Brain Response to Smoking Cues", Addiction Biology, 20(2), pp.368~376 (2015)
- White, Victoria, "Do Graphic Health Warning Labels Have an Impact on Adolescents’ Smoking Related Beliefs and Behaviours?", Addiction, 103(9), pp.1562~1571 (2008)
- Williams, Kipling D., "The Effects of Stealing Thunder in Criminal and Civil Trials", Law and Human Behavior, 17(6), pp.597~609 (1993)
- Wingerchuk, Dean M., "Smoking: Effects on Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression", Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 5(1), pp.13~22 (2012)
- Yanbaeva, Dilyara G., "Systemic Effects of Smoking", Chest, 131(5), pp.1557~1566 (2007)
- Zanna, Mark P., "Positive and Negative Attitudinal Affect Established by Classical Conditioning", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14(4), pp.321~328 (1970)
