금연 캠페인 메시지에 대한 공포 반응과 지각된 효과성이 흡연자의 금연의도에 미치는 영향: 변화단계 모형의 적용
How Fear and Perceived Effectiveness of Antismoking Messages Affect Smokers’ Quitting Intention: Application of Stage of Change
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본 연구는 금연 캠페인 메시지에 대한 공포 반응과 지각된 효과성이 흡연자의 금연의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 변화단계 모형을 적용하여 금연 캠페인 메시지에 대한 반응이 각 단계의 흡연자 집단마다 차이가 있음을 경험적으로 입증하고자 하였다. 전국의 811명의 흡연자를 대상으로 조사한 온라인설문 자료를 바탕으로, 위계적 다중 회귀분석과 매개분석, 일원 분산 분석을 통해 가설과 연구문제를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 위협 소구 메시지에 대한 공포 반응과 지각된 효과성은 각각 금연의도에 중요한 예측 변수이었고, 지각된 효과성은 공포 반응과 금연의도의 관계를 매개하는 역할도 하였다. 변화단계별 회귀 분석 결과, 사전숙고 단계의 흡연자들에서 공포 반응이 금연의도의 예측 변수이었던 반면, 행동 단계의 흡연자들에서는 지각된 효과성이 금연의도의 예측 변수이었다. 숙고 단계와 준비 단계의 흡연자들에서는 공포 반응과 지각된 효과성 모두 금연의도의 예측 변수이었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 위협 소구 캠페인 메시지가 효과적이기 위해서는 공포 수준이 높아야 함은 물론이고 공포 반응을 통해 수용자들이 메시지를 설득적이라고 평가해야 함을 강조하였다. 또한, 변화단계별로 세분화된 흡연자들에게 맞는 차별화된메시지 전략의 필요성을 강조하였다.
Abstract
This study examines the roles that fear response and perceived effectiveness play in predicting smokers’ quitting intention. The stage of change model was applied to demonstrate how responses to antismoking campaign messages vary among smokers at different stages of action. An online survey was conducted with 811 smokers nationwide. Results were as follows: (1) fear response and perceived effectiveness were significant predictors of quitting intention; (2) perceived effectiveness had a larger predictive role than fear response, and it mediated the relationship between fear and quitting intention; (3) responses to antismoking campaign messages varied according to stage of change — specifically, smokers in the pre-contemplation stage reported a lower level of fear, perceived effectiveness, and quitting intention than smokers at other stages. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that fear, but not perceived effectiveness, was a significant predictor of quitting intention among smokers in the pre-contemplation stage, whereas the opposite was the case for those in the action stage. Results suggest that perceived effectiveness has equal or perhaps even more importance than fear response in predicting the effectiveness of threat appeal messages. An additional implication is that messages should be tailored according to target audiences’ different stages of action.
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