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유튜브에서 ‘기후변화’, ‘기후위기’, ‘지구온난화’는 어떻게 다뤄지는가? : 기후 문제 대응을 위한 공공커뮤니케이션 방향 모색

How are “climate change”, “climate crisis”, and “global warming” discussed on YouTube? : Exploring the direction of public communication on climate-related issues

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기후 문제를 지칭하는 용어로 ‘기후변화’, ‘기후위기’, ‘지구온난화’ 등이 사용되고 있다. 이들 용어가 지닌 사회적 담론을 비교 분석함으로써 기후 문제 대응을 위한 공공커뮤니케이션 방향을 모색하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 최근 정보 검색서비스로 이용되고 있는 유튜브 콘텐츠에 대한 채널연결망 분석, 의미연결망 분석, 토픽모델링 분석 등을 활용해서 용어별 담론을 세부적으로 분석했다. 분석 결과, 기후 문제 관련 용어별 담론의 특성이 다르게 나타났다. ‘기후위기’는 공적 의제설정 단계에 적합한 용어로 기후위기 시대에 대한 대응정책 마련과 비상 행동 참여를 강조한다. ‘지구온난화’는 공중 형성 단계에 적합한 용어로 기후 문제의 원인을 살피고 해결 방안을 모색한다. ‘기후변화’는 다른 두 용어의 담론을 모두 포함하고 있는 특성을 나타냈다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 기후 문제 대응을 위한 공공커뮤니케이션 과정에 기후 문제 지칭 용어들을 어떻게 적절히 활용할지에 대한 건설적 논의가 필요한 시점임을 주지시킨다.

Abstract

The terms “climate change”, "climate crisis", and "global warming" are used to refer to climate-related issues. The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of public communication on climate-related issues by comparing and analyzing the social discourse of those terms. The discourse by terminology was analyzed in detail by using channel network analysis, semantic network analysis, and topic modeling analysis of the relevant contents on YouTube, which has recently been used as an information retrieval service. The results indicate that the characteristics of discourse by the terms are different. The term "climate crisis" appears more apt for the stage of public agenda-setting and emphasizes the preparation of climate policies and participation in emergency actions in the era of climate crisis. "Global warming" is a term suitable for the public formation, which discusses the causes of climate problems and seeks solutions. “Climate change” is characterized by the inclusion of both discourses. In conclusion, this study calls for constructive discussions on how to appropriately utilize terminology concerning climate-related issues in the public communication process.

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