Physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite from Polymesoda erosa shells and antibacterial potential of HA-ZnO composites
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This study investigated the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized from Polymesoda erosa shellsand the antibacterial potential of HA combined with zinc oxide (ZnO). Polymesoda erosa shells were calcined to producecalcium oxide (CaO), which was subsequently used to synthesize HA via precipitation. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesizedand subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated high crystallinity and a calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca/P) molar ratio rangingfrom 1.52 to 1.69, closely resembling the composition of natural bone. At higher sintering temperatures, partial transformationto β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was observed, enhancing bioactivity. The antibacterial properties were assessed using thedisk diffusion technique. While pure hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibited no observable inhibition zones, the addition of 1.5%zinc oxide (ZnO) significantly enhanced antibacterial performance, as evidenced by inhibition zones measuring 0.96 mmagainst Staphylococcus aureus and 0.62 mm against Escherichia coli. These results suggest that ZnO incorporation effectivelyimparts antibacterial activity to the HA matrix. The results highlighted the potential of Polymesoda erosa-derived HA-ZnOcomposites as sustainable biomaterials for regenerative bone applications. Their enhanced bioactivity and antibacterialproperties make them promising candidates for advancing suggest their promise in advancing bone tissue engineering andaddressing infection-related challenges.
Abstract
This study investigated the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized from Polymesoda erosa shellsand the antibacterial potential of HA combined with zinc oxide (ZnO). Polymesoda erosa shells were calcined to producecalcium oxide (CaO), which was subsequently used to synthesize HA via precipitation. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesizedand subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated high crystallinity and a calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca/P) molar ratio rangingfrom 1.52 to 1.69, closely resembling the composition of natural bone. At higher sintering temperatures, partial transformationto β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was observed, enhancing bioactivity. The antibacterial properties were assessed using thedisk diffusion technique. While pure hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibited no observable inhibition zones, the addition of 1.5%zinc oxide (ZnO) significantly enhanced antibacterial performance, as evidenced by inhibition zones measuring 0.96 mmagainst Staphylococcus aureus and 0.62 mm against Escherichia coli. These results suggest that ZnO incorporation effectivelyimparts antibacterial activity to the HA matrix. The results highlighted the potential of Polymesoda erosa-derived HA-ZnOcomposites as sustainable biomaterials for regenerative bone applications. Their enhanced bioactivity and antibacterialproperties make them promising candidates for advancing suggest their promise in advancing bone tissue engineering andaddressing infection-related challenges.