품질의존성과 네트워크 서비스 품질저하 유인
Quality Dependence and Incentive for Service Quality Degradation of Network Service
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정보사회로의 이행에 따라 네트워크 산업의 영향력이 커져가면서 대부분의 국가에서는 네트워크 서비스에 대한 품질을 중요한 정책변수로 고려하고 있다. 본 연구는 진입기업의 서비스 품질수준이 기존기업의 네트워크 서비스 품질에 의존하는 경우 기존기업이 네트워크의 품질을 사회적으로 바람직한 수준보다 저하시키는 유인을 살펴보았다. 주요 연구 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존기업이 결정하는 품질수준은 두 기업의 경쟁형태에 상관없이 사회적으로 바람직한 수준보다 낮아서 사회후생의 관점에서 진입기업의 최저품질수준을 규제해야 한다. 둘째, 진입기업의 서비스 최저품질수준은 생산량경쟁보다 가격경쟁의 경우가 높기 때문에 기업간 경쟁행태에 따라 최저품질규제가 적절하게 조정되어야 한다. 셋째, 정부가 일률적인 최저품질규제를 실행하는 경우 품질규제수준이 낮으면 가격경쟁에서의 후생이 높지만, 품질규제수준이 높으면 생산량경쟁에서의 후생이 더 높다. 넷째, 망외부성의 크기가 커짐에 따라 기존기업과 사회최적의 서비스 품질수준간의 차이는 줄어든다. 따라서, 기존기업의 서비스 품질수준 결정과정에서 진입기업의 최저품질수준을 증진시키려는 경쟁정책은 망외부성의 효과를 충분히 고려되어 조정되어야 한다. 특히 망외부성을 확대하기 위해서는 개방적인 망접속정책을 통해 진입기업이 기술적으로 표준화 및 규격화된 망을 이용할 수 있도록 법제도화할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This paper considers a network industry and examines service competition between two firms where the service quality of an entrant depends on that of incumbent. We show that the incumbent will have incentives to degrade service quality than what should be socially desirable regardless of the forms of competition. We also show that from the viewpoint of social welfare, when the minimum service quality(MSQ) of the entrant is regulated, service quality under price competition should be higher than that of quantity competition. This implies that MSQ should be adopted according to the competition type. However, when MSQ should be regulated uniformly to increase social welfare, price competition yields higher welfare under a lower level of MSQ whereas quantity competition yields higher welfare under a higher level of MSQ. Finally, in the presence of the network effect, the service quality of incumbent is still lower than that of social optimum. We show that as the size of network effect grows, the difference between the choice of incumbent and social optimum is reduced. Therefore, open network access policy should be institutionalized not only to increase the accessibility of incumbent networks but to standardize technical service access of entrant to the open network system.
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