The Use of Referential Terms and Politeness — A case of referring to Su Shi in classical Chinese poems
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The use of referential terms depends on the contexts that the speaker faces, and one of the primary determinants is age. The current study examines the use of referential terms to refer to Su Shi (1037-1101) in the title of poems in the view of linguistic politeness. According to age group, the terms are divided into four types: name type, name plus positional title type, name plus honorific title type and their combinations. The main results reveal that the older group and the younger group preferred the courtesy name, and the older group used more last name plus courtesy name. The name plus positional title was used by both of the groups. In the case of name plus honorific titles, the older group never employed them but the younger group even employed the combination of more than three referential elements. This study shows how ancient literati chose referential terms according to age, which enhances the understanding of the linguistic politeness in historical pragmatics.
Abstract
The use of referential terms depends on the contexts that the speaker faces, and one of the primary determinants is age. The current study examines the use of referential terms to refer to Su Shi (1037-1101) in the title of poems in the view of linguistic politeness. According to age group, the terms are divided into four types: name type, name plus positional title type, name plus honorific title type and their combinations. The main results reveal that the older group and the younger group preferred the courtesy name, and the older group used more last name plus courtesy name. The name plus positional title was used by both of the groups. In the case of name plus honorific titles, the older group never employed them but the younger group even employed the combination of more than three referential elements. This study shows how ancient literati chose referential terms according to age, which enhances the understanding of the linguistic politeness in historical pragmatics.
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