이탈리아의 교회와 국가 관계 type연구 : 파시즘 시기를 배경으

Abstract

The types of connection between the church and state is divided in 6 types by the standard of existence and the nonexistence of the law of division of church and state, the subject division of the religious role and the political role, the control position between the church and state, and the aspect between them. In other words, the types of relation between the church and state were defined unification, church-leading, state-leading, exclusivism, cooperation, and conflicted. The Lateran Treaty of 1929 reached an agreement between Mussolini and the Vatican. This normalized the Fascist regime in the eyes of many Catholics, both in Italy and around the world. The Catholic Church gained autonomy for the Vatican state, freedom for Catholic organizations, and protection of Catholic schools. The Pope also received a compensation for the loss of Church property since 1860. Catholicism was declared the official religion of the state. Mussolini, on the other hand, received support for his government, the legitimizing stamp of the Church for the regime, and managed to reverse the Church's long boycott of Italian politics. The Catholic Church contributed to the rise of fascism in Italy. The willingness of the Vatican, however, to cooperate with Mussolini's totalitarian regime does not demonstrate weakness or lust of power on the part of the Pontiff, but rather a keen eye for political maneuvering and the opportunity to further papal objectives. Specifically the Vatican consolidated control of territory and solidified the position of the Catholic Church in Italy. The relationship between them was beneficial for both sides. All showed that the type of the relationship of the church and state under Mussolini's rule is included in the 'compromise-cooperation relationship.