양명학으로 본 가정교육 - 霞谷의 「壬戌遺敎」·「家法」을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper examines Hagok(霞谷) Jeong Jae-doo(鄭齊斗)’s viewpoint on family education by focusing on theoretical differences on family education of Yangming(陽明) Studies and Chu-tzu(朱子) Studies. Hagok Jeong Jae-doo is a renowed Korean Yangming Studies scholar. In pursuit of this goal, the paper explores Yangming’s early childhood education and examines Hagok’s understanding of family education based on the core theories of his philosophy on education. Similar to that of Yangming Studies, Hagok’s family education is divided into three different levels: emotional education through poem recital; moral education by practicing etiquette; intelligence education by reading. Hagok’s Im-Sul dying injunctions(「壬戌遺敎」) and Family rule(「家法」) did not cite improtance of intense poem recital as an effective educational method as Yangming’s Hun-mong dae-ui(「訓蒙大意」) did. However, in the overall context, Hagok emphasizes the importance of instilling kind-heartedness and emotion in children. Especially, Hagok considers developing children’s intelligence and talent through ‘emotion,’ ‘ethics,’ and ‘reading’ the crux of family education. Hagok’s family education is extremely principle-based and very conservative. Most importantly, he refrains from getting in the way of children’s own will. He also encourages broad reading including academic learning of intuitive knowledge, which was considered heresy during his time and this is mostly restricted to Confucian scriptures. In conclusion, Hagok finds ultimate goal of family education in instilling compassionate heart in children and having them recover self-identity and practice manners and ethics by showing compassion to others and developing self-control in making use of his or her knowledge, technique, and talent.