피란델로 극 『인간, 짐승 그리고 덕』의 풍자와 우모리스모

Abstract

In this drama, the naturalism’s ‘tragic’ factors, the Renaissance comedy’s ‘comic’ factors and the Umorismo of ‘comictragic smile’, poetics of Pirandello’s modernistic smile are exquisitely harmonized. This paper first examined the masks of the characters and the satirical aspect, that are revealed from the ridiculous and ‘comic’ development by using ‘tragic’ materials, and then Pirandello’s ‘Umorismo’ aspect shown beyond apparently comic scenes. Each of the professor, the wife and the husband represents the educated ‘human’, the ‘virtue’, and the ‘beast’. But the professor and the wife are terribly afraid of the loss of their social honor and the resulting ‘tragic’ doom, caused by the exposure of their scandal, and attempt to deceive the husband. This scene is associated with Renaissance comedy in which deception, intrigue and love plots are exhibited. And in this drama, characters’ figures are described as the appeareance and air of animals, insead of the masks used by Commedia dell'arte’s characters, and represent the ‘comic’ effect. The bourgeoisie class’s duplicitous and hypocritical aspects are, however, sharply derided and satirized, behind such a comic expression. In addition, the drama faces the ‘comictragic’ pattern, though the dramatic crisis is solved, because the arrogant man who has been synonymous with education realizes that he himself is in fact a beast. It can be found ‘Umorismo’, the poetics of Pirandello’s smile appears.