번역 유형별 사례를 통해 본 한국 고시가 번역의 문제 ⑵ - <황조가>를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper aims to elucidate what is problematic, important, and needed now in translating Korean classical poetry written in Classical Chinese into other target languages which contain only modern foreign language but modern Korean language, through comparing translated texts with their source language texts. So it deals those issues with all the renderings of a Hwang-Jo-Ga, Song of Yellow Birds, the oldest Korean poem and song, the renderings can be classified by three types of translation, “translated text of Original text written in Classical Chinese into foreign language”(TT1), “translated text of Original text into Korean language” (TT2), and “translated text of Korean language text (TT2) into foreign language” (TT3). The results of it are as follows;1. The first English translation (TT1), preceding the first Korean translation (TT2), by J. S. Gale from Canada the Japanese colonial period, which contains not only the original text but also more or less expended rendering of the record of the third year of Yiri-myeongwang (the second king of the Goryeo Dynasty, Korea)'s reign period into English language, has a serious problem not in analysing the lingual context (inner context) but in deducing about the creation context based on the original historic record. The results of his deduction turned aside from the ones by some former readers who might have the bilingual competence of Classical Korean and Classical Chinese. In spite of this problem, Gale had open another reading way in which readers could imagine the creation context as like this; the king Yuri, seeing yellow birds that are flying in a tree beneath which he also is resting, fluttering and mating each others, is feeling that it is contrast to his situation that all the people have not taken to him. 2. Byeong-gon Kim, who made the first Korean translation in the same period, more or less misread the Gale's translation, especially, could not appreciated the latter, and made two Korean translation versions of the original text. However, his renderings has been influential wider and longer than other Korean rendering, because they was presented and cited via mass media as newspapers by whom expended the same creation context that Gale had deducted and Byeong-gon Kim had misread like a fiction. 3. Most translations, not only Korean translations (TT2) but also English translations (TT3), have been made under the influence of Gale and Kim's translation. But it is true that Kim misread Gale's translation and Gale's translation of the creation context contains a serious problem. Those results imply that we have to make deeper source criticism of original texts and contexts before we translate Korean poems written in Classical Chinese language into different language from the original texts, or evaluate the renderings of the original text and translated texts.