변계량의 樂歌 창제 고찰

Abstract

Newly rising noble men who made Yl Sŏng-gye 李成桂 (1335~1408) the first King of Chosŏn Dynasty (1392~1910) were a main political group from Koryŏ Dynasty. They were based on Confucianism and yeak 禮樂 (rites and music) philosophy. They also had pursued the political idea of the confucian from the beginning of Chosŏn Dynasty. New musical pieces were dedicated to the new king. Pyŏn Kye-ryang 卞季良 (1369~1430) is one of the scholars who helped to create new pieces. Accoding to Chosŏn wangjo sillok 『朝鮮王朝實錄』 (Annals of the Chosŏn Dynasty), Pyŏn Kye-ryang created seven songs including "Hŏnsu chiga" 獻壽之歌 (Song of Offering up King's Longevity), "Ch'ŏnkwŏn tongsu chigok" 天眷東陲之曲, "Hahwangŭn'gok" 荷皇恩曲 (Piece of Emperor's Blessing), "Hasŏngmyŏng" 賀聖明 (Congratulating Holy Brightness), "Chajŏn chigok" 紫殿之曲, "Hach'ŏn pongnoksa" 荷天福祿詞 and "Hwasan pyŏlgok" 華山別曲 (Song of Hua Mountain). "Hŏnsu chiga" was dedicated for King T'aejong 太宗, and "Ch'ŏnkwŏn tongsu chigok" was for King Sejong to pray for his long life. In addition, "Hahwangŭn'gok" for justification of King Sejong 世宗 and "Hasŏngmyŏng" for the praise of the emperor in China were performed being made tangak chŏngjae 唐樂呈才 (tangak court dance). "Chajŏn chigok" composed of three chapters were divided into a long life, guard and the union between King and servants. "Hach'ŏn pongnoksa" is for the praise of King Sejong's. "Hwasan pyŏlgok" is for the praise of King Sejong's virtue. As a result of above study, because these two songs, "Hahwangŭn'gok" and "Hasŏngmyŏng," are tangak court dance (tangak chŏngjae), They were performed on the melody of Chinese music. The rest of the other five songs were related to Koryŏ song's melody. Especially, both the music of "Ch'ŏnkwŏn tongsu chigok" and "Hach'ŏn pongnoksa" were borrowed from such Koryŏ songs as "Sŏgyŏng pyŏlgok" 西京別曲 (Song of P'yŏngyang), "Chŏngdong banggok" 靖東方曲 (Piece of Pacifying the Nation). "Hwasan pyŏlgok" was borrowed from "Hallim pyŏlgok" 翰林別曲 (Song of the Confucian Academicians) formed on strophic form. Merely whether the music of "Hŏnsu chiga" and "Chajŏn chigok" were borrowed from Koryŏ songsc or not is to be seen. The tradition of the music in Chosŏn Dynasty was followed from the tradition of music in Koryŏ Dynasty. After that, the specific result time of culture creation was the period of King Sejong (r. 1418~1450). The culture policy of King Sejong is not only devoted to the Korean history but also Korean music history. The music made by Pyŏn Kye-ryang became a great role to foster the foundation of music culture in the period of King Sejong.