한국 퉁소의 기원에 관한 고찰

Abstract

Present, two kinds of bamboo flute exists in Korea. The one is the sinawi 시나위 bamboo flute. It has no ch’ŏnggong 淸孔 and is used to the sanjo 散調 music performance. The another one is the Pukch‘ŏng Lion Play bamboo flute. It has ch’ŏnggong, and is used only to the Pukch’ŏng Lion Play. These two musical instruments show the clear difference in the length of the instrument, the used area, the playing music type and etc. These facts show that their historical and cultural background could be different. Therefore I have researched the relation between them, by examining various written and pictured materials and by comparing their history and cultual characteristics. The bamboo flute was brought into Koryŏ Dynasty from China. At first it was used only in the Royal Court, and then spread to the general people at the Chosŏn Dynasty. In this course it had repeated outward change. And at last it rather disappeared in the Royal Court, and it was settled as the musical instrument of the people. Entering 20 century it enjoyed the golden age by the sanjo masters, and the musical instrument used at the moment is the sinawi bamboo flute. As to this, there is strong possibility that sinawi bamboo flute was conveyed to Korea during Koryŏ Dynasty and that sinawi bamboo flute which was used in classical music or folk music experienced various changes over the long time. Meanwhile, Pukch‘ŏng Lion Play bamboo flute has the length of more than 70cm like the flute which was shown in the mural painting of the Koguryŏ ancient tombs related to the countries bordering on western China. Also, it used to be accompanied to Pukch’ŏng Lion Play, and it has a unique tone similarly to the musical instruments of the Nay type which is used in the Silk Road region in common. Moreover, it is well known that Persia has close relationship with ancient Korea in cultural exchange through the Silk Road. In the mural painting of the Koguryŏ ancient tombs and Paekche Gilt-Bronze Great Incense Burner was shown the musical instrument of the bamboo flute type which is similar to the instruments of Persia and the countries bordering on Western China. This proves that Pukch’ŏng Lion Play bamboo flute was imported through Silk Road. And Pukch’ŏng Lion Play bamboo flute really reflects this fact through characteristics like as its length, use, tone etc. In the final analysis, this all facts make it possible to assume that there is an closed interconnection between Pukch’ŏng Lion Play bamboo flute and Silk Road.