해운동맹 재편 동향 및 부산항 신항 운영 대응 방안
Shipping Alliance Restructuring and Countermeasure for Busan Port Operation
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초록
해상운송에서 컨테이너 선박의 중요성이 커지면서 수요와 공급이 증가하고 있다. 컨테이너 정기 선사들은 비용 절감과 운영 효율성을 위해 해운동맹을 형성해 공동 운항과 선복 공유를 진행해 왔다. 1995년 이후 해운동맹은 다양한 형태로 변화해 왔으며, 최근 머스크와 하팍로이드는 2025년 2월 새로운 해운동맹 '제미나이 코퍼레이션' 출범을 발표하면서, 해운동맹의 재편이 예상된다. 이러한 변화는 항만의 운영에 영향을 미친다. 부산항의 경우, 대형 해운동맹 선박을 단일 터미널이 수용하지 못해, 복수의 터미널을 이용하는 경우가 많아지면서 터미널 간 운송 비용이 증가하고 운영 효율성이 저하되는 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 2012년 이후 해운동맹의 변화를 살펴보고, 부산항의 컨테이너 터미널 이용 현황을 분석하며, 해운동맹 재편에 대응한 부산항의 효율적 운영 방안을 제시하고자 한다.
Abstract
As the importance of container ships in maritime transport grows, the demand and supply for such vessels have been increasing. To reduce costs and improve operational efficiency, container shipping lines have formed shipping alliances, engaging in joint operations and vessel-sharing arrangements. Since the establishment of these alliances in 1995, they have evolved in various forms. In 2024, Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd announced the formation of a new shipping alliance, the 'Gemini Cooperation,' set to begin in February 2025, signaling a potential realignment of shipping alliances. This shift will significantly impact operations of ports like Busan. In the case of Busan Port, the inability of a single terminal to accommodate large shipping alliance vessels has led to an increased reliance on multiple terminals, which in turn has caused an increase of inter-terminal transportation cost and a decrease in operational efficiency. Therefore, this paper aimed to examine changes in shipping alliances since 2012, analyze the current usage of container terminals at Busan Port, and propose strategies for efficient port operations in response to expected realignment of shipping alliances.
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