Performance Analysis of Digital Modulation Schemes for WPT-Powered Maritime Sensor Networks
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Wireless sensor networks play a crucial role in maritime applications, including environmental monitoring and safety. However, maintaining batteries in the challenging marine environment poses significant operational difficulties. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has emerged as a promising solution to create self-sustaining sensor networks. This paper examines the performance of various digital modulation schemes—Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK), Phase-Shift Keying (PSK), and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)—in the context of maritime WPT systems. We assess energy harvesting efficiency and harvested DC power using a simulation framework that includes a maritime two-ray channel model and a non-linear rectenna model. The results indicate that modulation schemes with a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), such as 16-ASK, provide better RF-to-DC conversion efficiency compared to constant-envelope schemes like CW or PSK, especially in low-power scenarios. This improvement is due to the high peak voltages of the ASK signal, which effectively surpass the diode's turn-on voltage. These findings offer design guidelines for optimizing the trade-off between energy efficiency and reliable communication in maritime IoT systems.
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks play a crucial role in maritime applications, including environmental monitoring and safety. However, maintaining batteries in the challenging marine environment poses significant operational difficulties. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has emerged as a promising solution to create self-sustaining sensor networks. This paper examines the performance of various digital modulation schemes—Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK), Phase-Shift Keying (PSK), and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)—in the context of maritime WPT systems. We assess energy harvesting efficiency and harvested DC power using a simulation framework that includes a maritime two-ray channel model and a non-linear rectenna model. The results indicate that modulation schemes with a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), such as 16-ASK, provide better RF-to-DC conversion efficiency compared to constant-envelope schemes like CW or PSK, especially in low-power scenarios. This improvement is due to the high peak voltages of the ASK signal, which effectively surpass the diode's turn-on voltage. These findings offer design guidelines for optimizing the trade-off between energy efficiency and reliable communication in maritime IoT systems.